{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:01:02Z","timestamp":1792191662408,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]],"date-time":"2003-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1067644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0033-3549(04)50284-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,7]],"date-time":"2004-07-07T18:52:32Z","timestamp":1089226352000},"page":"487-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Addressing the potential risks associated with ephedra use: a review of recent efforts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Schulman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB1","first-page":"623","article-title":"Regulation of dietary supplements: five years of DSHEA","volume":"54","author":"Khatcherresian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Drug Law J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB2","unstructured":"U.S. Consumer Supplement Use Summary 2001. Courtesy of Nutrition Business Journal."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB3","unstructured":"Dietary Supplement Education Alliance. All dietary supplements [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/content.intramedicine.com\/dse\/consumer\/dsmain.asp?ctype=ds"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB4","unstructured":"Widespread ignorance of regulation and labeling of vitamins, minerals and food supplements, according to a national Harris Interactive survey. Health Care News 2002 Dec 23 [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.harrisinteractive.com\/news\/newsletters\/healthnews\/HI_HealthCareNews2002Vol2_Iss23.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB5","first-page":"64","article-title":"Regulation in the herb market: the myth of the \u201cunregulated industry.\u201d","volume":"49","author":"Soller","year":"2000","journal-title":"HerbalGram"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB6","unstructured":"Adulterated food, 21 U.S.C. 342(f) (1996) [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www4.law.cornell.edu\/uscode\/21\/342.html"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB7","unstructured":"Wolfe SM. Statement before the National Academy of Sciences on the Framework for Evaluating the Safety of Dietary Supplements. 2001 Oct 11[cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/publications\/release.cfm?ID=7091"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB8","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (US). Evidence on the safety and effectiveness of ephedra: implications for regulation [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/bbs\/topics\/NEWS\/ephedra\/whitepaper.html"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB9","unstructured":"Ephedra survey results: 1995\u20131999 [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.ephedrafacts.com\/SuveyV6.PDF"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.12.1537","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"289","author":"Shakelle","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB11","first-page":"1D","article-title":"Report: ephedra found in Bechler","author":"DeVise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Miami Herald"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB12","unstructured":"General Accounting Office (US). Dietary supplements containing ephedra: health risks and FDA's oversight. Testimony before the House Subcommittee on Oversight of and Investigations (July 23, 2003) [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB13","unstructured":"Walker A. The relation between voluntary notification and material risk in dietary supplement safety [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/icommons.harvard.edu\/\u223chsph-epi221-01\/Readings\/04DealingwLimitations\/Voluntary_Notification_and_Actual_Risk.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB14","unstructured":"General Accounting Office (US). Dietary supplements: review of health-related call records for users of Metabo-life 365. GAO-03-494 [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB15","series-title":"Epidemiology, biostatistics and preventive medicine","first-page":"56","author":"Jekel","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4065\/77.1.12","article-title":"Adverse cardiovascular events temporally associated with ma huang, an herbal source of ephedrine","volume":"77","author":"Samenuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB17","unstructured":"FDA analysis of FDA data 1\/93-2\/01. Attachment 1 to Sep 5, 2001, petition by Public Citizen Health Research Group [cited 2003 May 15]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/ohrms\/dockets\/dailys\/01\/Sep01\/091001\/cp00001.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00010","article-title":"The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products","volume":"138","author":"Bent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012213432502","article-title":"Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids","volume":"343","author":"Haller","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB20","unstructured":"Kimmel SE. Summary of incidence of seizures, strokes, and myocardial infarctions in the population and estimations of risk in the population from ephedra products [cited 2003 May 15]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.ephedrafacts.com\/2.html"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB21","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General. Dietary supplement labels: an assessment. OEI-01-01-00121 [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/oig.hhs.gov\/oei\/reports\/oei\/reports\/oei-01-01-00121.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/57.10.963","article-title":"Content versus label claims in ephedra-containing dietary supplements","volume":"57","author":"Gurley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB23","unstructured":"Ephedra: guidelines for dosage and label warnings [cited 2003 May 18]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.supplementquality.com\/safety\/ephedra_safety_warning.html"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4_BIB24","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services (US). Dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids; reopening of the comment period. Docket no. 95N-0304 [cited 2003 Sep 1]. Available from: URL: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/OHRMS\/DOCKETS\/98fr\/95n-0304-npr0003.pdf"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033354904502844?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033354904502844?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50284-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T17:16:03Z","timestamp":1585847763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033354904502844"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":24,"aliases":["10.1093\/phr\/118.6.487","10.1093\/phr\/118.6.487"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033354904502844"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0033-3549(04)50284-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}}}