{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:31:02Z","timestamp":1791441062534,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2020-06646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-06646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-02560-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-02560-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis in plants occurs via the isochorismate synthase (ICS) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathways. The critical steps from benzyl-CoA to SA in the PAL-mediated pathway remain unknown. To probe benzenoid metabolism, we generated CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated knockouts of benzaldehyde synthase in poplar. These plants produce less benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate and SA, yet accumulate more benzoic acid. We show that HSR203J encodes a carboxylesterase that specifically hydrolyzes benzyl salicylate. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of HSR203J in Nicotiana benthamiana led to reduced benzyl salicylate hydrolysis to SA. Based on these data, we propose a biosynthesis model and provide evidence that benzoyl-CoA is esterified to benzyl benzoate and converted to benzyl salicylate, which then releases SA. In addition, we identified a pathogen-induced cytochrome P450 encoded by HSR515 as a putative benzyl benzoate 2-hydroxylase. VIGS-mediated suppression of HSR515 in N. benthamiana reduced the conversion of benzyl benzoate to SA. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Brassicaceae genomes do not contain HSR203J and HSR515 orthologs, whereas these genes are present in other vascular plants. These findings represent an important advance in our understanding of SA biosynthesis and identify missing steps in the PAL-mediated SA biosynthetic pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koaf241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T11:54:21Z","timestamp":1760097261000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Salicylic acid biosynthesis via the PAL pathway requires benzaldehyde synthase and a benzyl salicylate-specific esterase"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5405-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawei","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Center for Forest Biology, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , V8W 2Y2","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-0734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harley","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, University of the Fraser Valley , Abbotsford, BC , V2S 7M8","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Analytical Core Facility, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , V6T 1Z4","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , V8W 2Y2","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9670-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy E","family":"Wulff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , V8W 2Y2","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7627-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C Peter","family":"Constabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Center for Forest Biology, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , V8W 2Y2","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2025103011044144900_koaf241-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13818","article-title":"A peroxisomal thioesterase plays auxiliary roles in plant \u03b2-oxidative benzoic acid metabolism","volume":"93","author":"Adebesin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025103011044144900_koaf241-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00700.x","article-title":"Functional expression of a tobacco gene related to the serine hydrolase family. 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