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Here, we reveal that the HD-ZIP III transcription factor LF1 mediates brassinosteroid (BR) signaling to modulate leaf angle. A miRNA165\/166-resistant, gain-of-function lf1 mutant displays an enlarged leaf angle driven by elongated adaxial parenchymal cells and diminished abaxial sclerenchyma. At the transcriptional level, the BR-activated transcription factor OsBZR1 directly induces LF1, which in turn upregulates OsOFP8, forming an OsBZR1-LF1-OsOFP8 hierarchical transcriptional cascade that mediates BR signaling to regulate leaf angle development. At the post-translational level, LF1 protein stability is fine-tuned by reciprocal post-translational modifications, wherein OsMAPK6-mediated phosphorylation at threonine residue at position 148 promotes LF1 accumulation and transcriptional activity, directly counteracting its ubiquitination and degradation by the APC\/CTAD1 complex. Genetic analyses demonstrate that LF1, OsMAPK6, and TAD1 function in a common pathway to regulate leaf angle development. Overall, our study establishes LF1 as a central hub coupling transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms to modulate BR-mediated leaf angle, providing targets for plant architecture improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koag247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:30:50Z","timestamp":1786707050000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LF1 mediates brassinosteroid signaling to regulate leaf angle development in rice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6384-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University , No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715 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