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In cyanobacteria, its deficiency affects growth and phycobiliprotein biosynthesis and leads to degradation of phycobilisomes (PBSs). While the biosynthesis genes of phycobiliprotein are regulated by strong promoters, the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation in response to nitrogen deficiency remain largely unknown. Using nondiazotrophic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 as a model system, we identified a novel PBS biosynthesis regulator, a small helix\u2013loop\u2013helix protein, designated the nitrogen starvation regulator of the cpc Operon (NsrC). The nsrC gene was transcriptionally activated by nitrogen starvation. The nsrC knockout delayed cell chlorosis during nitrogen starvation, increased oxygen evolution, and significantly elevated PBS protein content. NsrC directly bound to the promoter region of the cpc operon, inhibiting the expression of PBS structural genes, including cpcA and cpcB. Moreover, there was an interaction between NsrC and the PII signal transduction protein (PII), a signal transduction protein sensing the carbon\/nitrogen balance. The binding of NsrC to PII was modulated by the metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), which accumulates under nitrogen starvation conditions. Elevated 2-OG levels promoted PII\u2013NsrC complex dissociation, facilitating NsrC binding to the cpc operon and inhibiting PBS expression. Moreover, NsrC is conserved and widely distributed in cyanobacteria and red algae that retain the PBS light-harvesting apparatus; however, it exhibits structural and functional divergence when compared to those found in diatoms and brown algae. Overall, our results showed that the PII\u2013NsrC axis regulates PBS biosynthesis, offering insights into the adaptive mechanisms of cyanobacteria and red algae under nitrogen starvation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koag249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:43:12Z","timestamp":1787312592000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The small helix\u2013loop\u2013helix protein NsrC is a regulator of phycobilisome biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9577-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Genetic Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358 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