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Therefore, elucidating the regulatory mechanism governing K+\/Na+ transport is pivotal to engineering salt-tolerant crops. Although many regulators have been shown specifically to modulate either Na+ or K+ transporters, little is known about integrative regulators that orchestrate the transport of both cations. In this study, we reveal that a rice basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, BES1-INTERACTING MYC-LIKE1 (OsBIM1), negatively regulates K+\/Na+ homeostasis under salt stress. Loss of OsBIM1 function conferred salt tolerance and K+\/Na+ homeostasis in rice, whereas its overexpression produced the opposite effect. The K+ transporter OsHAK5 and transcription factor OsWRKY53 were identified as the targets of OsBIM1. By binding to E-box elements in their promoter regions, OsBIM1 not only repressed OsHAK5 expression and the root K+ uptake, but also trans-activated OsWRKY53 to suppress transcription of the Na+ transporter gene OsHKT1;5 and the Na+ unloading from xylem. OsBIM1 expression was attenuated by salt stress, and the loss of OsBIM1 function leads to synergistic upregulation of OsHAK5 and OsHKT1;5, thereby enhancing salt tolerance. As a positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, OsBIM1 was also found to be indispensable for BR-induced attenuation of salt tolerance and involved in BR-mediated regulation of OsHAK5 and OsWRKY53 expression. This study reveals an integrative regulator of K+\/Na+ transport and a negative regulatory mechanism by which BR affects salt tolerance, providing a promising strategy for breeding salt-tolerant rice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koag274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:48:24Z","timestamp":1789040904000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A brassinosteroid signaling protein acts as an integrative regulator of K+ and Na+ transport in rice response to salt stress"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0684-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 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Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0765-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxue","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Crop 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