{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:01:54Z","timestamp":1787752914773,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31570646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The formation of diploid gametes through chromosome doubling is a major mechanism of polyploidization, diversification, and speciation in plants. Unfavorable climate conditions can induce or stimulate the production of diploid gametes during meiosis. Here, we demonstrated that heat shock stress (38\u00b0C for 3 or 6\u2009h) induced 2n pollen formation, and we generated 42 triploids derived from heat shock-induced 2n pollen of Populus canescens. Meiotic analysis of treated pollen mother cells revealed that induced 2n pollen originated from the complete loss of meiosis II (MII). Among the 42 triploids, 38 triploids derived from second division restitution (SDR)-type 2n pollen and 4 triploids derived from first division restitution-type 2n pollen were verified using simple sequence repeats\u00a0(SSR) molecular markers. Twenty-two differentially expressed genes related to the cell cycle were identified and characterized by expression profile analysis. Among them was POPTR_0002s08020g (PtCYCA1;2), which encodes a type A Cyclin CYCA1;2 that is required for the meiosis I (MI) to MII transition. After male flower buds were exposed to heat shock, a significant reduction was detected in PtCYCA1;2 expression. We inferred that the failure of MI-to-MII transitions might be associated with downregulated expression of PtCYCA1;2, leading to the formation of SDR-type 2n pollen. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms of heat shock-induced 2n pollen formation in a woody plant and verify that sensitivity to environmental stress has evolutionary importance in terms of polyploidization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T11:18:15Z","timestamp":1652181495000},"page":"2110-2127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Heat shock-induced failure of meiosis I to meiosis II transition leads to 2n pollen formation in a woody plant"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding , Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education , Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3026-9599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuetong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding , Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education , Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4022-1206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding , Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education , Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding , Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education , Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1828-1424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding , Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education , Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9772-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaru","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding , Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education , Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4419-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding , Beijing, 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