{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:37:57Z","timestamp":1783442277178,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC Strategic Project","award":["521445-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["521445-18"]}]},{"name":"ASCEND Biological Integration","award":["NSF-DBI-2021898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF-DBI-2021898"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"United States Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0012704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0012704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006231","name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007709","name":"Michigan State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007709","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations fuel global warming, with boreal regions warming at a faster rate than many other areas. Boreal forests are an important component of the global carbon cycle, yet we have little data on photosynthetic responses of boreal trees to elevated CO2 (EC) and warming. We grew seedlings of 5 widespread North American boreal tree species (from Betula, Larix, Picea, and Pinus) under current (410\u2005ppm) or elevated (750\u2005ppm) CO2 and either ambient (+0 \u00b0C) or increased (+4 \u00b0C or +8 \u00b0C) temperature, then measured photosynthetic traits over a range of leaf temperatures. Our results were generally consistent across species: photosynthetic capacity (maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation, Vcmax, and electron transport, Jmax) was unaffected by EC but decreased under +8 \u00b0C warming. Accordingly, net photosynthesis measured at the growth CO2 concentration (Agrowth) was reduced under warming and increased under EC. The thermal optimum for Agrowth (ToptA) increased by \u223c1.8 \u00b0C with EC but increased with warming in only two species. In contrast, the activation energies and thermal optima for Vcmax and Jmax, which are used to estimate photosynthesis in Earth System Models, were unaffected by growth environment. There were a few interactions between growth, CO2, and warming. These results suggest increased photosynthesis of widespread boreal tree species under EC may be offset by future reductions in photosynthetic capacity related to warming. We also show that the temperature sensitivities of parameters used to estimate global photosynthesis in large-scale models are generally unaffected by simulated climate change in these species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiaf380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T16:11:17Z","timestamp":1756483877000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Photosynthetic capacity is reduced by warming but unaffected by elevated CO2 in seedlings of five boreal tree species"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9230-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia M","family":"Hammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirindi 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,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5172-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 G","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3574-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridget K","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, ON , , L5L 1C6","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , , M5S 3G3","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7465-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, MN 55108 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station , St. Paul, MN 55108 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie C","family":"Schmiege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Swartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimundo","family":"Bermudez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, MN 55108 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8723-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norman P A","family":"H\u00fcner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4424-662X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter B","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, MN 55108 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University , Penrith, NSW 2753 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Institute for Global Change Biology and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4801-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle A","family":"Way","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, ON , , N6A 3K7","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Research School of Biology, Australian National University , Acton, ACT 2600 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, NY 11973 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Durham, NC 27708 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2025091918040309400_kiaf380-B1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with ImageJ","volume":"11","author":"Abr\u00e0moff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophotonics Intern"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091918040309400_kiaf380-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2003.01007.x","article-title":"Is stimulation of leaf photosynthesis by elevated carbon dioxide concentration maintained in the long term? 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