{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:26:02Z","timestamp":1787984762277,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-67013-30898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-67013-30898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Robert Draper Technology Innovation Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Synthetic biology enables efficient production of valuable compounds in biological systems, including plants that capture atmospheric CO2 to synthesize and accumulate abundant and diverse specialized metabolites. Most plant synthetic biology studies to produce specialized metabolites have primarily used Nicotiana benthamiana as an underpinning metabolic chassis, due to its rapid agroinfiltration method, leaving much of the metabolic potential of other plant species underexplored. Here we engineered 3 distinct plant chassis\u2014Arabidopsis, tobacco and soybean\u2014by stably introducing an optimized betalain biosynthetic pathway and analyzed their metabolic impacts. Betalains are tyrosine-derived pigments, which are used as natural red and yellow food dyes with rapidly growing demand due to a recent regulatory shift. We fine-tuned metabolic balances by redesigning the RUBY betalain construct (RUBYv2), adding an extra DODA enzyme (\u201cpull\u201d) and modulating tyrosine precursor supply (\u201cpush\u201d) using 2 different promoters. The \u201cpush-and-pull (push + pull)\u201d lines produced higher betalain levels than the \u201cpull\u201d lines in all 3 species, even exceeding those of beet roots. While Arabidopsis and tobacco \u201cpush + pull\u201d lines driven by a strong promoter showed dwarfism, corresponding soybean lines did not show severe growth defects, suggesting greater tolerance of soybean to the engineered pathway. This study demonstrates that careful plant chassis selection, coupled with precise control of pathway expression, is essential for maximizing the yield of target specialized metabolites, such as betalain pigments, without impairing overall plant growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiag337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:34:54Z","timestamp":1780986894000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chassis selection and metabolic fine-tuning enable efficient in planta betalain production"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5754-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soyoung","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9330-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos V V","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-2922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ray","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Middleton, WI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0340-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abou","family":"Yobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cristopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5150-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruthie","family":"Angelovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cristopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Michigan State University Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, , East Lansing, MI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5964-1668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn M","family":"Kaeppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Middleton, WI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0246-694X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi A","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071500065832700_kiag337-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.15781","article-title":"Red beetroot: health benefits, production techniques, and quality maintaining for food industry","volume":"45","author":"Akan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Food Process Preserv"},{"key":"2026071500065832700_kiag337-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-022-00470-8","article-title":"Metabolic engineering of rice cells with vanillin synthase gene (VpVAN) to produce vanillin","volume":"64","author":"Arya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026071500065832700_kiag337-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691462","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.691462","article-title":"Utilizing plant synthetic biology to improve human health and wellness","volume":"12","author":"Barnum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026071500065832700_kiag337-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-0547-4","article-title":"Design of orthogonal regulatory systems for modulating gene expression in plants","volume":"16","author":"Belcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"2026071500065832700_kiag337-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssp048","article-title":"Dual targeting to mitochondria and chloroplasts: characterization of Thr\u2013tRNA synthetase targeting peptide","volume":"2","author":"Berglund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Plant"},{"key":"2026071500065832700_kiag337-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.62.3.293-300.1951","article-title":"Studies on lysogenesis. 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