{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:22:01Z","timestamp":1787854921296,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fusarium head blight, one of the most devastating diseases affecting wheat, is primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum. The TaHRC gene (also designated Fhb1), encoding a histidine-rich calcium-binding protein, exists as 2 allelic variants, TaHRC-R (resistant) and TaHRC-S (susceptible), which are widely present in wheat cultivars. However, the role of TaHRC in Fusarium head blight resistance remains controversial. Here, we demonstrated that TaHRC physically interacts with Fg34, a secreted effector protein of F. graminearum. This interaction induced a translocation of TaHRC-R from the nucleus to the cytoplasmic membrane, thereby enhancing Fusarium head blight resistance. In contrast, TaHRC-S retained nuclear localization and conferred susceptibility. We demonstrate that TaHRC physically interacts with Fg34, a secreted effector protein of F. graminearum. This interaction triggers the translocation of TaHRC-R from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, thereby enhancing resistance to Fusarium head blight. In contrast, TaHRC-S remains localized in the nucleus and confers susceptibility. Notably, this is the first report of a direct physical interaction between TaHRC and a Fusarium-derived effector. The TaHRC-R\/Fg34 complex elevates intracellular Ca2+ levels, activating calcium signaling pathways that reinforce Fusarium head blight resistance. Furthermore, Fg34 also binds to TaCBL4, forming a ternary complex with TaCIPK5 that enhances TaCIPK5 kinase activity, leading to increased phosphorylation of TaRBOHB. Collectively, these findings elucidate a novel calcium-signal-dependent mechanism potentially mediated by TaHRC underlying Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. These discoveries deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Fusarium head blight resistance and provide a theoretical foundation for developing breeding strategies for durable disease resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiag371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:51:51Z","timestamp":1781607111000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effector Fg34 triggers TaHRC-R-mediated calcium signaling to bolster Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2100-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang","family":"Long-Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Collegeof Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4391-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gong","family":"Da-Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Key Laboratory of Light Industry Functional Yeast, Three Gorges University , Yichang, Hubei Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7172-5985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Greens Sci. &Tech. Development Co., Ltd ., Beijing 100144 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2791-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cui","family":"Xin-Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Collegeof Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Si-Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Collegeof Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Bai-Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Collegeof Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Zhi-Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co., Ltd. Wuhan Sunhy Biology , Wuhan, Hubei 430206 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7988-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Yan-Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Collegeof Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0980-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dai","family":"Chuan-Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Collegeof Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-024-01711-1","article-title":"Evolution of wheat blast resistance gene Rmg8 accompanied by differentiation of variants recognizing the powdery mildew fungus","volume":"10","author":"Asuke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Plants"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20829-4_12","volume-title":"The CBL\u2013CIPK network for decoding calcium signals in plants","author":"Batistic","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2005.01157.x","article-title":"Effect of temperature on head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum","volume":"54","author":"Brennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-015-2485-1","article-title":"Chromosome engineering, mapping, and transferring of resistance to Fusarium head blight disease from Elymus tsukushiensis into wheat","volume":"128","author":"Cainong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2004.02.004","article-title":"Fusarium head blight: epidemiological origin of the effects of cultural practices on head blight attacks and the production of mycotoxins by Fusarium in wheat grains","volume":"166","author":"Champeil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12817","article-title":"A systematic review of Sec24 cargo interactome","volume":"22","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac352","article-title":"TaHRC suppresses the calcium-mediated immune response and triggers wheat Fusarium head blight susceptibility","volume":"190","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-006-0439-3","article-title":"Mapping of Fhb2 on chromosome 6bs: a gene controlling Fusarium head blight field resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"114","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104997118","article-title":"Dynamic accumulation of a helper NLR at the plant-pathogen interface underpins pathogen recognition","volume":"118","author":"Duggan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.10.006","article-title":"Harnessing wheat Fhb1 for Fusarium resistance","volume":"25","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.04.002","article-title":"A phase-separated protein hub modulates resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat","volume":"32","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-014-1148-7","article-title":"Field evaluation of resistance to kernel infection and mycotoxin accumulation caused by Fusarium head blight in western Japanese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars","volume":"200","author":"Kubo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0426-7","article-title":"Mutation of a histidine-rich calcium-binding-protein gene in wheat confers resistance to Fusarium head blight","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4443","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery227","article-title":"The calcium sensor TaCBL4 and its interacting protein TaCIPK5 are required for wheat resistance to stripe rust fungus","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125691","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of TaCIPK gene family members in wheat and their roles in host response to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici infection","volume":"248","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-019-03525-8","article-title":"Germplasms, genetics and genomics for better control of disastrous wheat Fusarium head blight","volume":"133","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xplc.2023.100769","article-title":"Wheat zinc finger protein TaZF interacts with both the powdery mildew AvrPm2 protein and the corresponding wheat Pm2a immune receptor","volume":"5","author":"Manser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Commun"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14396","article-title":"The CBL-CIPK network is involved in the physiological crosstalk between plant growth and stress adaptation","volume":"46","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabd9993","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9993","article-title":"Structure of the activated ROQ1 resistosome directly recognizing the pathogen effector XopQ","volume":"370","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15949","article-title":"Proximity-dependent biotinylation identifies a suite of candidate effector proteins from Fusarium graminearum","volume":"112","author":"Miltenburg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(03)00608-1","article-title":"SNARE selectivity of the COPII coat","volume":"114","author":"Mossessova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.032","article-title":"A disordered region controls cBAF activity via condensation and partner recruitment","volume":"186","author":"Patil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-008-0853-9","article-title":"Molecular cytogenetic characterization of alien introgressions with gene fhb3 for resistance to Fusarium head blight disease of wheat","volume":"117","author":"Qi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.11.025","article-title":"The structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana SOS3: molecular mechanism of sensing calcium for salt stress response","volume":"345","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Barrena","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0425-8","article-title":"A deletion mutation in TaHRC confers Fhb1 resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat","volume":"51","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-008-9747-9","article-title":"Different quantitative trait loci for Fusarium resistance in wheat seedlings and adult stage in the Wuhan\/Nyubai wheat population","volume":"165","author":"Tamburic-Ilincic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba5435","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba5435","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer of Fhb7 from fungus underlies Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat","volume":"368","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2023.04.007","article-title":"Fuels for ROS signaling in plant immunity","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-010-1298-5","article-title":"Fine mapping Fhb4, a major qtl conditioning resistance to Fusarium infection in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"121","author":"Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-011-1647-z","article-title":"Precise mapping Fhb5, a major QTL conditioning resistance to Fusarium infection in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"123","author":"Xue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.16.00976","article-title":"An NADPH oxidase RBOH functions in rice roots during lysigenous aerenchyma formation under oxygen-deficient conditions","volume":"29","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4316","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.0c00430","article-title":"Regulation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) homeostasis by cytosolic DNA accumulation","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15601","article-title":"Cautionary notes on the use of Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression upon SGT1 silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana","volume":"222","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2004.08.001","article-title":"Double-joint PCR: a PCR-based molecular tool for gene manipulations in filamentous fungi","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"2026082713433540200_kiag371-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49257-2","article-title":"Pm57 from Aegilops searsii encodes a tandem kinase protein and confers wheat powdery mildew resistance","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Plant Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/plphys\/kiag371\/68533684\/kiag371.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article-pdf\/201\/4\/kiag371\/68533684\/kiag371.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article-pdf\/201\/4\/kiag371\/68533684\/kiag371.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:43:44Z","timestamp":1787852624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/plphys\/kiag371\/8708798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/plphys\/kiag371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-0889","1532-2548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-0889","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"article-number":"kiag371"}}