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Here, we investigated the response of \u039418OA to short-term changes in CO2 levels in 3 C3 species (Helianthus annuus, Vigna unguiculata and Triticum aestivum) and one C4 species (Cleistogenes squarrosa) grown under different levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and nitrogen supply. We found a significant CO2 effect on \u039418OA for C. squarrosa, but not for the C3 species. \u039418OA was not significantly correlated with \u0394e in the C3 species, and \u039418OA of the C4 species was not sensitive to changes in \u0394e driven by VPD. The gross CO2 efflux and \u039418OA were significantly correlated for both C3 and C4 species (r2 = 0.92), demonstrating its role in regulating \u039418OA. We also found that the C3 species had significantly higher \u039418OA than the C4 species, due to the lower ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 (Ci\/Ca) in the latter. \u039418OA was significantly (r2 = 0.94) correlated with Ci\/Ca, supported by a compiled literature dataset that included 31 species. Our study reveals the distinct difference in \u039418OA between C3 and C4 species and the remarkable relationship between \u039418OA and Ci\/Ca, providing new insights into how \u039418OA can be used to infer carbon cycle processes from leaf to ecosystem scales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiag375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:56:20Z","timestamp":1781517380000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photosynthetic C18OO fractionation is related to within- and between-species variations in the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Sui Min","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4403-9188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Zhi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1646-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huixing","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9976-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei Ting","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5291-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Schnyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Gr\u00fcnlandlehre, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen , Freising ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao Ying","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071311011116900_kiag375-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13830","article-title":"Online CO2 and H2O oxygen isotope fractionation allows estimation of mesophyll conductance in C4 plants, and reveals that mesophyll conductance decreases as leaves age in both C4 and C3 plants","volume":"210","author":"Barbour","year":"2016","journal-title":"New 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