{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:25:46Z","timestamp":1760217946865},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a form of neuromodulation that is used to treat chronic and refractory neuropathic pain. Peripheral nerve stimulation was first described in the early 1960s when Shelden implanted a PNS device for trigeminal neuralgia. Despite PNS being known since the 1960s, technology designed specifically for PNS was lacking. Within the past few years, design-specific PNS devices have become widely available, with favorable efficacy and safety profiles. Here we report a case of design-specific PNS that provided two years of pain relief in a patient with lower extremity neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 53-year-old female with a history of congenital lumbar meningocele status post\u2013L4-L5 laminectomy presented to the Mayo Clinic for treatment of foot pain that began three days after her laminectomy. She experienced a 6\/10 burning, tingling sensation in the lateral dorsal portion of her right foot and posterolateral calf in addition to allodynia that prevented her from wearing shoes. She failed gabapentin, amitriptyline, cannabis, transforaminal epidural steroid injections, and two spinal cord stimulator trials. The patient ultimately underwent implantation of a right sural nerve stimulator, resulting in a 50% improvement in pain and functionality at two-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This report emphasizes the recent development of design-specific PNS devices and their successful use in this patient. Peripheral nerve stimulation technology and applications have diminished the role of spinal cord stimulation devices used for the periphery. Peripheral nerve stimulation should be considered for patients with isolated extremity pain, especially in those with spinal abnormalities (e.g., arachnoid cyst).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T20:16:38Z","timestamp":1582661798000},"page":"1297-1300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Advancement in Neuromodulation Technology with the Innovation of Design-Specific Peripheral Nerve Stimulators: Sural Nerve Stimulation for Radiculopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Brendan","family":"Langford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William D","family":"Mauck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000434651","article-title":"Technology for peripheral nerve stimulation","volume":"29","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Surg"},{"issue":"3758","key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.155.3758.108","article-title":"Temporary abolition of pain in man","volume":"155","author":"Wall","year":"1967","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00745.x","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided permanent implantation of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) system for neuropathic pain of the extremities: Original cases and outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Huntoon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12381","article-title":"Prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, partial crossover study to assess the safety and efficacy of the novel neuromodulation system in the treatment of patients with chronic pain of peripheral nerve origin","volume":"19","author":"Deer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B5","author":"McRoberts"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12726","article-title":"Fully implantable peripheral nerve stimulation for hemiplegic shoulder pain: A multi-site case series with two-year follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12539","article-title":"Neurostimulation for postsurgical analgesia: A novel system enabling ultrasound-guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Ilfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0506-7","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for analgesia following total knee arthroplasty: A prospective feasibility study","volume":"12","author":"Ilfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B9","first-page":"101","author":"Rea","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020061021345996400_pnaa077-B10","volume-title":"Morgan and Mikhail\u2019s Clinical Anesthesiology","author":"Madison","year":"2018:1022\u201339"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/21\/6\/1297\/33376774\/pnaa077.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/21\/6\/1297\/33376774\/pnaa077.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T01:55:11Z","timestamp":1591840511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/21\/6\/1297\/5816321"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaa077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]}}}