{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:02:49Z","timestamp":1760122969906},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess CYP2D6 genotype prevalence in chronic pain patients treated with tramadol or codeine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>General hospital, pain management unit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with chronic pain, treated with codeine or tramadol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients\u2019 pain was assessed at baseline (numeric rating scale [NRS]; 0\u201310). Prescription of codeine or tramadol was selected randomly. The assessment of patients\u2019 response to the drug in terms of pain relief and adverse effects was performed after 24\u2009hours. Reduction of pain intensity of &amp;gt;50% or an NRS &amp;lt;4 was considered a positive response. Patients\u2019 blood samples were collected during the first visit. Genotyping for the common variants CYP2D6 *2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *9, *10, *14, and *17 was performed, and alleles not carrying any polymorphic allele were classified as CYP2D6*1 (wild-type [wt]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy-six consecutive patients were studied (20 males, 56 females), aged 21\u201385\u2009years. Thirty-four received tramadol and 42 codeine. The main genotypes of CYP2D6 identified were the wt\/wt (35.5%), the *4\/wt (17.1%), and the *6\/wt (10.5%). Adverse effects were common, especially in carriers of *9\/*9, *5\/*5, *5\/*4, and *10\/*10, as well as in variants including the 4 allele (*4\/*1 [38.4%] and *4\/*4 [42.8%]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genotyping can facilitate personalized pain management with opioids, as specific alleles are related to decreased efficacy and adverse effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T19:11:28Z","timestamp":1587582688000},"page":"3199-3204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>CYP2D6<\/i>Basic Genotyping of Patients with Chronic Pain Receiving Tramadol or Codeine. A Study in a Greek Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chrysanthi","family":"Batistaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Pain Management Unit, \u201cAttikon\u201d Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Chrona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Nikea, \u201cAg. Panteleimon,\u201d Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kostroglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Pain Management Unit, \u201cAttikon\u201d Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Kostopanagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, National, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Pain Management Unit, \u201cAttikon\u201d Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gazouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 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