{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:52:25Z","timestamp":1788630745769,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"US Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Health Resources and Services Administration for the Maternal"},{"name":"Child Health Pipeline Training Program: TSU-BCM Maternal and Child Health Student Training for Academic Readiness and Success","award":["T16MC29831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T16MC29831"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Opioid use during pregnancy has increased in recent years, parallel with the opioid epidemic in the general population. Opioids are commonly used as an analgesic for pain crisis, a hallmark symptom of sickle cell disease (SCD). With the amplified frequency and severity of SCD pain crisis during pregnancy, the use of opioids may increase concurrently. The aim of this study was to examine trends in opioid-related disorders (ORDs) among pregnant women with and without SCD, as well as assess the risk for preterm labor, maternal sepsis, and poor fetal growth among patients with SCD and ORD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of inpatient pregnancy- and childbirth-related hospital discharge data from the 2002\u20132014 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample database. The primary outcome was the risk of ORD in pregnant women with SCD and its impact on threatened preterm labor, fetal growth, and maternal sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among the &amp;gt;57 million pregnancy-related hospitalizations examined, 9.6 per 10,000 had SCD. ORD in mothers with SCD was four times as prevalent as in those without SCD (2% vs 0.5%). A significant rise in ORD occurred throughout the study period and was associated with an increased risk of maternal sepsis, threatened preterm labor, and poor fetal growth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pregnant women with SCD have a fourfold increased risk of ORD compared with their non-SCD counterparts. The current opioid epidemic continues to worsen in both groups, warranting a tailored and effective public health response to reduce the resulting adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T11:08:46Z","timestamp":1590059326000},"page":"3087-3093","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Opioid-Related Disorders Among Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Francis","family":"Darlington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamina Mbah","family":"Acha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasha","family":"Roshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Ikeanyionwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seun","family":"Kutse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzoamaka","family":"Abajue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Osazuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiara K","family":"Spooner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason L","family":"Salemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Dongarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training, and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omonike A","family":"Olaleye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamisu M","family":"Salihu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training, and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uche Anadu","family":"Ndefo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B1","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B2","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B3","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460357.01998.f1","article-title":"Rates of opioid misuse, abuse, and addiction in chronic pain: A systematic review and data synthesis","volume":"156","author":"Vowles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B5","year":"2018"},{"issue":"23","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.3400.3400","article-title":"Chronic opioid use pattern in adult patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"126","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B7","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B8","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2015.11.018","article-title":"Pregnancy and sickle cell disease: A review of the current literature","volume":"98","author":"Boga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0275","article-title":"Sickle cell disease and pregnancy outcomes: Population-based study on 8.8 million births","volume":"42","author":"Alayed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2017.04.002","article-title":"Opioid utilization by pregnant women with sickle cell disease and the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Nnoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13786","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with sickle-cell disease in low and high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Boafor","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906723","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/906723","article-title":"Maternal opioid drug use during pregnancy and its impact on perinatal morbidity, mortality, and the costs of medical care in the United States","volume":"2014","author":"Whiteman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002235","article-title":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee Opinion No. 711: Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy","volume":"130","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B15","year":"2020"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B16","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B17","author":"Houchens"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B18","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B20"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190040","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0040","article-title":"Assessment of changes in the geographical distribution of opioid-related mortality across the United States by opioid type, 1999-2016","volume":"2","author":"Kiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl, 2011-2016","volume":"68","author":"Spencer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4291","article-title":"Characterization of opioid use in sickle cell disease","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000726","article-title":"Patient-controlled analgesia for vaso-occlusive crisis: A cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Averbukh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16002","article-title":"Management of vaso-occlusive episodes in the day hospital decreases admissions in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"186","author":"Karkoska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.10.001","article-title":"The obstetric management of sickle cell disease","volume":"26","author":"Howard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation.V2012.1.208.3798270","article-title":"Baby on board: What you need to know about pregnancy in the hemoglobinopathies","volume":"2012","author":"Naik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200701000-00055","article-title":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 78: Hemoglobinopathies in pregnancy","volume":"109","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0625","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes among patients with sickle cell disease at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana","volume":"86","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retrospective cohort study. Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2020112415565908800_pnaa188-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.12.020","article-title":"Sickle cell disease and pregnancy outcomes: Women of African descent","volume":"38","author":"Barfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/21\/11\/3087\/34485485\/pnaa188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/21\/11\/3087\/34485485\/pnaa188.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T08:16:14Z","timestamp":1606292174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/21\/11\/3087\/5876211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaa188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]}}}