{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:49:21Z","timestamp":1782218961506,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U24AT009769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24AT009769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UG3\/UH3 AT009790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3 AT009790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation","award":["CIN 13\u2013410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIN 13\u2013410"]}]},{"name":"Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System"},{"name":"Duke Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center","award":["NIA P30AG028716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA P30AG028716"]}]},{"name":"Duke Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center","award":["L30 AG064712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L30 AG064712"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coordinated efforts between the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Veterans Affairs have built the capacity for large-scale clinical research investigating the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic pain treatments. This is an encouraging development; however, what constitutes best practice for nonpharmacologic management of low back pain (LBP) is largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Improving Veteran Access to Integrated Management of Back Pain (AIM-Back) trial is an embedded pragmatic cluster-randomized trial that will examine the effectiveness of two different care pathways for LBP. Sixteen primary care clinics will be randomized 1:1 to receive training in delivery of 1) an integrated sequenced-care pathway or 2) a coordinated pain navigator pathway. Primary outcomes are pain interference and physical function (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form [PROMIS-SF]) collected in the electronic health record at 3\u00a0months (n=1,680). A subset of veteran participants (n=848) have consented to complete additional surveys at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months for supplementary pain and other measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AIM-Back care pathways will be tested for effectiveness, and treatment heterogeneity will be investigated to identify which veterans may respond best to a given pathway. Health care utilization patterns (including opioid use) will also be compared between care pathways. Therefore, the AIM-Back trial will provide important information that can inform the future delivery of nonpharmacologic treatment of LBP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T13:46:59Z","timestamp":1600350419000},"page":"S62-S72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Improving Veteran Access to Integrated Management of Back Pain (AIM-Back): Protocol for an Embedded Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4988-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven Z","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia J","family":"Coffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Health Care System, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli D","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor A","family":"Lentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Choate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham VA Health Care System, Health Services Research & Development, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam P","family":"Goode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey B","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet M","family":"Grubber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham VA Health Care System, Health Services Research & Development, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of General Internal Medicine, Center 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