{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:48:46Z","timestamp":1769507326761,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Linear headache has been recently described as an episodic or chronic unilateral pain distributed along a fixed linear trajectory, which combines some characteristics of epicrania fugax and nummular headache. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic response of a series of 16 new patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is an observational study with a series of cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study period encompassed June 2014 to June 2019. Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic response data were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included all consecutive patients who presented pain with the following characteristics: sharply contoured, fixed in size and shape, with linear shape, without movement along a trajectory, and not circumscribed to the territory of any nerve.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twelve patients were women, and four were men. The mean age at onset was 40.1\u2009years. Pain was described as pressing in seven patients, burning in five, and electric or stabbing in two each. Symptomatic treatment had been used by 13 patients (81.2%), with analgesics being the most frequent treatment used. Thirteen patients received preventive treatment. The response to oral medications and anesthetic blockade was insufficient. OnabotulinumtoxinA was used in six cases, with an optimal (&amp;gt;75%) response observed in half.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Linear headache appears to be a distinct headache syndrome from epicrania fugax or nummular headache. Preventive treatment is often required. The drug with the best response was onabotulinumtoxinA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T22:01:48Z","timestamp":1605736908000},"page":"1158-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Linear Headache: A Novel Entity or a Variant of Nummular Headache? Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response in a Series of 16 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alba","family":"Chavarr\u00eda-Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel L","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7692-0186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"Talavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Trigo-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Garc\u00eda-Azor\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-003-0046-5","article-title":"Nummular headache, trochelitis, supraorbital neuralgia and other epicranial headaches and neuralgias: The epicranias","volume":"4","author":"Pareja","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.11.1678","article-title":"Nummular headache: A coin-shaped cephalgia","volume":"58","author":"Pareja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2018.1401925","article-title":"Nummular headache: An update and future prospects","volume":"18","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0981-4","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of nummular headache and differentiation between spontaneous and posttraumatic variant: An observational study","volume":"20","author":"Trigo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B5","first-page":"629","volume-title":"Cephalalgia","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01515.x","article-title":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as C. Epicrania Fugax: An ultrabrief paroxismal epicranial pain","volume":"28","author":"Pareja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-016-0557-9","article-title":"Epicrania fugax","volume":"20","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-45","article-title":"Linear headache: A recurrent unilateral head pain circumscribed in a line-shape area","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-1991-1","article-title":"Linear headache: Clinical characteristics of eight new cases","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springer Plus"},{"key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-1786-4","article-title":"A recurrent headache circumscribed in a coronal line-shaped area around the head: A coronal linear headache","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springer Plus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening and the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"Von El","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419828967","article-title":"Guidelines of the International Headache Society for controlled trials of acute treatment of migraine attacks in adults: Fourth edition","volume":"39","author":"Diener","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418758283","article-title":"Guidelines of the International Headache Society for controlled trials of preventive treatment of chronic migraine in adults","volume":"38","author":"Tassorelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412447537","article-title":"Nummular headache with and without exacerbations. Comparative characteristics of a series of 72 patients","volume":"32","author":"Guerrero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01508.x","article-title":"Topiramate treatment of chronic migraine: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of quality of life and other efficacy measures","volume":"49","author":"Silberstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419863023","article-title":"Observational, open-label, non-randomized study on the efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of nummular headache: The pre-numabot study","volume":"39","author":"Garc\u00eda-Azor\u00edn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nummular headache: Clinical features and treatment response in 24 new cases","volume":"1","author":"Pavao Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00960.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of nummular headache: Four case studies","volume":"48","author":"Mathew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01245.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A\u2019s efficacy in nummular headache","volume":"48","author":"Dusitanond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0340-0","article-title":"Nummular headache update","volume":"17","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-007-0209-1","article-title":"Nummular headache","volume":"11","author":"Grosberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410368445","article-title":"Case series of sixteen patients with nummular headache","volume":"30","author":"Moon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/567072","article-title":"Atypical nummular headache or circumscribed migraine: The utility of pressure algometry","volume":"20","author":"Bar\u00f3n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-011-0353-1","article-title":"Epicrania fugax with backward radiation: Clinical characteristics of nine new cases","volume":"12","author":"Mulero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12094","article-title":"Epicrania fugax: 19 cases of an emerging headache","volume":"53","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01607.x","article-title":"Epicrania fugax: Ten new cases and therapeutic results","volume":"50","author":"Guerrero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"10127","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30478-1","article-title":"Migraine","volume":"391","author":"Dodick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30360-0","article-title":"GBD 2016: Still no improvement in burden of migraine","volume":"17","author":"Reuter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12072","article-title":"Cephalalgia alopecia or nummular headache with trophic changes? A new case with prolonged follow up","volume":"53","author":"Irimia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00443.x","article-title":"Pain characteristics of the acute migraine attack","volume":"46","author":"Kelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1034-9","article-title":"Allodynia and migraine","volume":"33(Suppl 1","author":"Aguggia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021052120384625600_pnaa436-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13523","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine: Predictors of response. A prospective multicenter descriptive study","volume":"25","author":"Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/22\/5\/1158\/38095515\/pnaa436.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/22\/5\/1158\/38095515\/pnaa436.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T20:39:17Z","timestamp":1621629557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/22\/5\/1158\/6172990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaa436","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]}}}