{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:01:36Z","timestamp":1791511296225,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with aerobic exercise (AE) modulated the pressure pain threshold (PPT) and peak alpha frequency (PAF) measured via resting electroencephalography.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Single-blind experimental study with a cross-over design.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuro Rehabilitation Research Center, Kio University.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ten healthy controls participated in this study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three types of sessions\u2013\u2013(i) tDCS, (ii) Sham tDCS\/AE, and (iii) tDCS\/AE\u2013\u2013were tested in this investigation. Anodal stimulation (2\u2009mA, 20\u2009minutes) was applied over the left primary motor cortex. Each session was 20\u2009minutes long. We used the PPT and short-form Profile of Mood States-Brief, as well as PAF measured via resting-electroencephalography, to investigate the effects of tDCS and AE. Heart rate and scores on the Borg scale were used to confirm exercise intensity. PAF was calculated in four regions of interest: frontal, central, parietal, and occipital areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The change ratio of PPT increased during each session. The maximum change ratio of PPT were tDCS: 40.7%, Sham tDCS\/AE: 51.5%, and tDCS\/AE: 83.4%. change ratio of PPT was earlier and higher in the tDCS\/AE trials compared with the other sessions. Negative mood was improved after session completion. Significant differences in PAF were found in the occipital area in the Sham tDCS\/AE and tDCS\/AE sessions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The combined tDCS and AE intervention induced significant changes in PPT in a single session, with a PAF that was earlier and higher than those produced during the Sham tDCS\/AE and tDCS sessions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T12:22:37Z","timestamp":1611922957000},"page":"2057-2067","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Pain Thresholds and Electroencephalography in Healthy Adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Gosuke","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro Rehabilitation Research Center, Kio University 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Shichijo-cho, Nara-city, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihiro","family":"Osumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro Rehabilitation Research Center, Kio University 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nobusako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro Rehabilitation Research Center, Kio University 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Morioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro Rehabilitation Research Center, Kio University 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2021090908593821300_pnab037-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0129262","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129262","article-title":"Chronic pain in the Japanese community: Prevalence, characteristics and impact on quality of life","volume":"10","author":"Inoue","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021090908593821300_pnab037-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010364","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010364","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population 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