{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:46:44Z","timestamp":1790858804609,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010857","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20203BBGL73195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20203BBGL73195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009102","name":"Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GJJ200167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJJ200167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimal analgesia regimen after open cardiac surgery has been unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of continuous pecto-intercostal fascial blocks (PIFB) initiated before surgery on outcomes after open cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A group of 116 patients were randomly allocated to receive either bilateral continuous PIFB (PIF group) or the same block with saline (SAL group). The primary endpoint was postoperative pain at 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72\u2009hours after extubation at rest and during exercise. The secondary outcome measures included analgesia requirements (sufentanil and flurbiprofen consumption), time to extubation, length of stay in the intensive care unit, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, time until return of bowel function, time to mobilization, time to urinary catheter removal, and the length of hospital stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The length of stay in the intensive care unit (29\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009hours vs 13\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009hours, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) and length of hospital stay (8.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 days vs 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 days, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) were significantly longer in the SAL group than in the PIF group. Resting pain scores (2\u2009hours after extubation: 1.1 vs 3.3, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 4\u2009hours after extubation: 1.0 vs 3.5, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 8\u2009hours after extubation: 1.2 vs 3.7, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 16\u2009hours after extubation: 1.3 vs 3.7, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 24\u2009hours after extubation: 1.4 vs 2.8, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 48\u2009hours after extubation: 0.9 vs 2.2, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 72\u2009hours after extubation: 0.8 vs 2.1, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) and dynamic pain scores (2\u2009hours after extubation: 1.4 vs 3.7, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 4\u2009hours after extubation: 1.3 vs 3.8, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 8\u2009hours after extubation: 1.4 vs 3.5, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 16\u2009hours after extubation: 1.2 vs 3.4, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 24\u2009hours after extubation: 1.1 vs 3.1, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 48\u2009hours after extubation: 1.0 vs 2.9, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 72\u2009hours after extubation: 0.9 vs 2.8, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) were significantly lower in the PIF group than in the SAL group at all time points. The PIF group required significantly less intraoperative sufentanil consumption (123\u2009\u00b1\u200932\u2009\u03bcg vs 63\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009\u03bcg, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), postoperative sufentanil consumption (102\u2009\u00b1\u200922\u2009\u03bcg vs 52\u2009\u00b1\u200917\u2009\u03bcg, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), and postoperative flurbiprofen consumption (350\u2009\u00b1\u2009100\u2009mg vs 100\u2009\u00b1\u2009100\u2009mg, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) than the SAL groups. Time to extubation (8.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4 hours vs 3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 hours, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), time to first flatus (43\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u2009hours vs 30\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009hours, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), time until mobilization (35\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009hours vs 24\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009hours, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01), and time until urinary catheter removal (47\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u2009hours vs 31\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009hours, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) were significantly earlier in the PIF group than in the SAL group. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the PIF group (9.1% vs 27.3%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilateral continuous PIFB reduced the length of hospital stay and provided effective postoperative pain relief for 3 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T17:00:51Z","timestamp":1633021251000},"page":"440-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Continuous Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Block Provides Effective Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Open Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled 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