{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:28:39Z","timestamp":1780460919877,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We describe the clinical course of medical and surgical patients who received naloxone on general hospital wards for suspected opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From May 2018 through October 2020, patients who received naloxone on hospital wards were identified and their records reviewed for incidence and clinical course.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 86,030 medical and 106,807 surgical admissions. Naloxone was administered to 99 (incidence 11.5 [95%\u00a0confidence interval 9.4\u201314.0] per 10,000 admissions) medical and 63 (5.9 [95%\u00a0confidence interval 4.5\u20137.5]) surgical patients (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Median oral morphine equivalents administered within 24 hours before naloxone were 32 [15, 64] and 60 [32, 88] mg for medical and surgical patients, respectively (P\u2009=\u20090.002). The rapid response team was activated in 69 (69.7%) vs 42 (66.7%) and critical care transfers in 51 (51.5%) vs 30 (47.6%) medical and surgical patients respectively. The number of in-hospital deaths was 21 (21.2%) vs two (3.2%) and the number of discharges to hospice 12 (12.1%) vs one (1.6%) for medical and surgical patients, respectively (P\u2009=\u20090.001). Naloxone did not reverse OIRD in 38 (23%) patients, and these patients had more transfers to the intensive care unit and a higher 30-day mortality rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Medical inpatients are more likely to suffer OIRD than are surgical inpatients despite lower opioid doses. Definitive OIRD was confirmed in 77% of patients because of immediate naloxone response, whereas 23% of patients did not respond, and this subset was more likely to need a higher level of care and had a higher 30-day mortality rate. Careful monitoring of mental and respiratory variables is necessary when opiates are used in hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T16:24:53Z","timestamp":1634401493000},"page":"878-886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Incidence and Outcomes of Life-Threatening Events During Hospitalization: A Retrospective Study of Patients Treated with Naloxone"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8835-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana J","family":"Valencia Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana L","family":"Laporta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative 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