{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:38:10Z","timestamp":1768880290527,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The zygapophyseal joints represent one possible cause for back pain. Therefore, many interventions are targeting the denervation of the facet joints. The aim of this study is to describe the course of the medial branch of the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve and its articular branches to the zygapophyseal joints in the segments T10\u2013T12.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The medial branches in the thoracic segments T10\u2013T12 were dissected in 20 Thiel embalmed cadavers. An Eschenbach magnifying glass (4.0\u00d7 magnification) was used during dissection preserving the articular branches. The topography and the branching pattern of the medial branches was observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The course of the nerves in the segments T10\u2013T12 differed from each other because of the different osseous anatomy of each segment. The medial branch at the segment T10 crossed the tip of the transverse process in 28 of the 40 hemivertebral specimens. In the remaining cases it passed superior to the transverse process. At T11 the medial branch ran constantly through an osteofibrous canal. At the segment T12 the medial branches showed a similar course to the medial branches in the lumbar region. In many cases two articular branches, which arose from the medial branch were identified.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results of this study show a considerable anatomic variety at the segment T10. It also demonstrates that the transverse process is an important landmark to encounter the medial branch. Furthermore, the possibility of a double innervation of the facet joints should always be considered.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnac073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T11:39:46Z","timestamp":1651145986000},"page":"1863-1868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anatomical Topographical Investigation of the Medial Branch of the Dorsal Thoracic Branch of the Spinal Nerve in the Segments T10\u2014T12"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5992-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Koutp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Petritsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Skias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen Graz , Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Grechenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Andrianakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Kieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch School of Medicine , Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg C","family":"Feigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, University Witten\/Herdecke , Witten, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.K8007","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors for thoracic spine pain in the adult working population: A literature review","volume":"51","author":"Briggs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-5-15","article-title":"Prevalence of facet joint pain in chronic spinal pain of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions","volume":"5","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-77","article-title":"Thoracic spine pain in the general population: Prevalence, incidence and associated factors in children, adolescents, and adults: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Briggs","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01446991","article-title":"Percutaneous facet denervation in chronic thoracic spinal pain","volume":"122","author":"Stolker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01410616","article-title":"The surgical anatomy of thoracic facet denervation","volume":"136","author":"Chua","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"14","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E817","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31824b65ea","article-title":"Topographic anatomy of the posterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve and surrounding structures","volume":"37","author":"Ishizuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2009.04.002","article-title":"Anatomy of the human thoracolumbar Rami dorsales nervi spinalis","volume":"191","author":"Steinke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Anat - Anat Anz"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-006-0090-3","article-title":"The medial branch of the lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve","volume":"28","author":"Saito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02258-z","article-title":"Third primary branch of the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve at the thoracolumbar region: A cadaveric study","volume":"41","author":"Saito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B10","author":"Bannister","year":"1989"},{"key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B11","author":"Middleditch","year":"2005"},{"key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B12","author":"Hovelacque","year":"1927"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198103000-00010","article-title":"The lumbar mamillo-accessory ligament: Its anatomical and neurosurgical significance","volume":"6","author":"Bogduk","year":"1981","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B14","first-page":"286","article-title":"The innervation of the lumbar spine","volume":"8","author":"Bogduk","year":"1983","journal-title":"Innervat Lumbar Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v7.i5.315","article-title":"Management of lumbar zygapophysial (facet) joint pain","volume":"7","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.2.0172","article-title":"The anatomy of the so-called articular nerves and their relationship to facet denervation in the treatment of low-back pain","volume":"51","author":"Bogduk","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022110207582743300_pnac073-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199712000-00003","article-title":"International spinal injection society guidelines for the performance of spinal injection procedures.: Part 1: Zygapophysial joint blocks","volume":"13","author":"Bogduk","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/pm\/pnac073\/43777336\/pnac073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/23\/11\/1863\/46685184\/pnac073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/23\/11\/1863\/46685184\/pnac073.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T07:58:49Z","timestamp":1667375929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/23\/11\/1863\/6581088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnac073","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]}}}