{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:23:03Z","timestamp":1789669383070,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001732","name":"Danish National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNRF121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNRF121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to profile migraine patients according clinical and psychophysical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this observational study, two cohorts of migraine patients(episodic\/chronic) were included. Cohort-1: ictal\/perictal phase; Cohort-2: interictal phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The following variables were assessed: headache frequency; disability; cervical active range of motion(AROM) in flexion, extension, right\/left lateral flexion, right\/left rotation; pressure-pain threshold(PPT) over: temporalis, two cervical areas(C1\/C4 vertebral segments), and two distal pain-free areas(hand\/leg). Cluster analysis was performed using the K-means algorithm. Differences across clusters were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cohort-1: 100 patients were included, and two clusters were identified. Cluster-1.1 (19%), Cluster-1.2 (81%). Cluster 1.1 had a higher percentage of men (P\u2009=\u2009.037) and higher disability (P\u2009=\u2009.003) compared to Clusters 1.2. Cluster 1.2 had reduced AROM in flexion, extension, and left\/right lateral flexion (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.037), and lower PPT value in all areas (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) compared to Cluster 1.1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cohort-2: 98 patients were included and three clusters were identified. Cluster-2.1(18%), Cluster-2.2(45%), and Cluster-2.3(37%). Cluster-2.1 had a higher percentage of men compared to clusters-2.2 and 2.3 (P\u2009=\u2009.009). Cluster-2.3 had higher headache frequency, and disability compared to Cluster-2.2 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.006), and higher disability compared to Cluster-2.1 (P\u2009=\u2009.010). Cluster-2.3 had reduced AROM in all directions compared to Clusters-2.1 and 2.2 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.029). Clusters-2.2 and 2.3 have lower PPT values in all areas compared to Cluster-1.1 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the Ictal\/perictal phase, two clusters were identified according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics, with one group showing no psychophysical impairment and one with increased pain-sensitivity and cervical musculoskeletal-dysfunctions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In the interictal phase, three clusters could be identified, with one group showing no psychophysical impairment, one increased pain-sensitivity, and one increased pain sensitivity and cervical musculoskeletal-dysfunctions.<\/jats:p>\n               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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-4000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Bovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Section of Biostatistics, University of Genoa , Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Torelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma , Parma 43125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4385-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Finocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Centre, IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa 16132, 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