{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:26:43Z","timestamp":1775129203511,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering neurological condition affecting physical and psycho-social functioning and associated high rates of pain. Thus, individuals with SCI may be more likely to be exposed to prescription opioids. A scoping review was conducted to synthesize published research findings on post-acute SCI and prescription opioid use for pain, identify literature gaps, and propose recommendations for future research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We searched 6 electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed [MEDLINE], Ovid [MEDLINE], EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychNET) for articles published from 2014 through 2021. Terms for \u201cspinal cord injury\u201d and \u201cprescription opioid use\u201d were used. Included articles were in English and peer reviewed. Data were extracted using an electronic database by 2 independent reviewers. Opioid use risk factors for chronic SCI were identified and a gap analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 16 articles included in the scoping review, a majority were conducted in the United States (n\u2009=\u20099). Most articles lacked information on income (87.5%), ethnicity (87.5%), and race (75%). Prescription opioid use ranged from 35% to 64% in articles reporting this information (n\u2009=\u20097 articles, n\u2009=\u20093675 participants). Identified risk factors for opioid use included middle age, lower income, osteoarthritis diagnosis, prior opioid use, and lower-level spinal injury. Limited reporting of diversity in study populations, absence of risk of polypharmacy, and limited high quality methodology were identified gaps.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Future research should report data on prescription opioid use in SCI populations, with additional demographics such as race, ethnicity, and income, given their importance to risk outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T08:46:32Z","timestamp":1686213992000},"page":"1138-1152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spinal cord injury and prescribed opioids for pain: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo Ann","family":"Shoup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado , Aurora, CO 80014, United States"},{"name":"School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO 80204, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JoEllen","family":"Welter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spital Thurgau , 8501 Frauenfeld, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute for Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Spital Thurgau , 8501 Frauenfeld, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid A","family":"Binswanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado , Aurora, CO 80014, United States"},{"name":"Colorado Permanente Medical Group , Denver, CO 80218, United States"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045, United States"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. 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