{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T18:40:22Z","timestamp":1780425622918,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A potentially useful biomarker for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is the serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level, which is a marker for T-cell activation. Elevated serum sIL-2R levels have been described in CRPS patients compared to healthy controls. In T-cell mediated inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis, the serum sIL-2R levels correlate with disease severity. In this study, we investigate whether an association exists between serum sIL-2R levels in CRPS patients and CRPS severity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in a tertiary pain referral center in the Netherlands. Adult CRPS patients diagnosed by the IASP criteria were included between October 2018 until October 2022. The main study parameters were serum sIL-2R levels and the CRPS severity score.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-three CRPS patients were included with a mean syndrome duration of 84\u2009months (Q3\u2009\u2212\u2009Q1:180\u2009\u2212\u200948). The majority had persistent CRPS with a syndrome duration &amp;gt;1\u2009year (n\u2009=\u200952, 98%). The median pain Numerical Rating Score (NRS) was 7 (Q3\u2009\u2212\u2009Q1: 8\u2009\u2212\u20095) and the mean CRPS severity score was 11 (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3). The median serum sIL-2R level was 330 U\/mL (Q3\u2009\u2212\u2009Q1:451\u2009\u2212\u2009256). No statistically significant correlation was observed between serum sIL-2R levels and the CRPS severity score (rs\u2009=\u20090.15, P\u2009=\u2009.28).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that serum sIL-2R levels cannot be used as a biomarker for syndrome severity in persistent CRPS (syndrome duration &amp;gt;1\u2009year). Serial measurements of serum sIL-2R from early CRPS to persistent CRPS are needed to investigate whether serum sIL-2R levels can be used to monitor T-cell mediated inflammatory syndrome activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T18:47:33Z","timestamp":1687200453000},"page":"1234-1243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is there an association between serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels and syndrome severity in persistent Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8302-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J P","family":"Mangnus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna D","family":"Bharwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem A","family":"Dik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara J","family":"Baart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike","family":"Dirckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J P M","family":"Huygen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023110711504695200_pnad081-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.030","article-title":"Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the \u201cBudapest Criteria\u201d) for complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Harden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2023110711504695200_pnad081-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.09.008","article-title":"The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population-based 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