{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T14:00:26Z","timestamp":1772632826474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lumbar medial branch radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common intervention to manage chronic axial low back pain originating from the facet joints. A more parasagittal approach targeting the posterior half of the lateral neck of superior articular process (SAP) was previously proposed. However, specific needle angles to achieve parallel placement at this target site have not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To quantify and compare the needle angles, on posterior and lateral views, to achieve parallel placement of electrodes along the medial branch at the posterior half of the lateral neck of SAP at each lumbar vertebral level (L1\u2013L5) and sacrum.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteological Study<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twelve disarticulated lumbosacral spines (n\u2009=\u200972 individual bones) were used in this study. Needles were placed along the periosteum of the posterior half of the lateral neck of SAP, bilaterally and photographed. Mean needle angles for each vertebral level (L1\u2013L5) and sacrum were quantified, and statistical differences were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The posterior view provided the degrees of lateral displacement from the parasagittal plane (abduction angle), while the lateral view provided the degrees of declination (cranial-to-caudal angle) of the needle. Mean needle angles at each level varied, ranging from 5.63\u2009\u00b1\u20095.76\u00b0 to 14.50\u2009\u00b1\u200914.24\u00b0 (abduction angle, posterior view) and 40.17\u2009\u00b1\u20097.32\u00b0 to 64.10\u2009\u00b1\u20099.73\u00b0 (cranial-to-caudal angle, lateral view). In posterior view, a\u2009&amp;lt;\u200910-degree needle angle interval was most frequently identified (57.0% of needle placements). In lateral view, the 40\u201350-degree (L1\u2013L2), 50\u201360-degree (L3\u2013L5), and 60\u201370-degree (sacrum) needle angle intervals occurred most frequently (54.2%, 50.0%, and 41.7% of needle placements, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Targeting the posterior half of the lateral neck of SAP required &amp;lt;10-degree angulation from parasagittal plane in majority of cases. However, variability of needle angles suggests a standard \u201cone-size-fits-all\u201d approach may not be the optimal technique.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T14:36:38Z","timestamp":1692023798000},"page":"13-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Quantification of needle angles for lumbar medial branch denervation targeting the posterior half of the superior articular process: an osteological study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western University , London, ON N6C 0A7, Canada"},{"name":"Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Health Research Institute , London, ON N6C 0A7, 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