{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T18:09:18Z","timestamp":1780942158727,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Southern California Zumberge Interdisciplinary Grant"},{"name":"American Mindfulness Research Association"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA057387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA057387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Orthopedic patients report pain as their main symptom complaint. Subjective pain experience is correlated with self-reported psychological state, such as distress.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study tests whether scores from a measure of mindful attention are associated with subjective pain levels and whether psychological distress scores function as a mediation path.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During routine visits to a single orthopedic clinic in East Los Angeles, California, 525 patients were recruited to participate in the study. Participants reported on measures of pain (Universal Pain Assessment Tool [UPAT]), mindful attention (Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire [FFMQ]), and psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale [DASS]). We used Pearson correlations to examine relationships between FFMQ and UPAT scores and mediation analyses to test indirect effects of DASS scores as a mediation path.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The average age of the sample was 54\u2009years (range 18\u201398 years), 61% were male, and 64% were non-Hispanic White individuals. The locations of injury were the shoulder (72%), elbow (21%), and clavicle or wrist (7%). Ninety-one percent reported mild or greater pain in the prior 2 weeks (mean\u2009=\u20094.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5, range 0\u201310), and 49% reported mild or more severe distress symptoms (DASS: 13.0\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5). FFMQ scores inversely predicted UPAT scores (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20130.22, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), mediated through DASS scores. DASS subscale scores for depression (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20130.10, P\u2009=\u2009.02) and stress (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20130.08, P\u2009=\u2009.04) but not anxiety (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20130.03, P\u2009=\u2009.33) produced significant indirect effects. FFMQ acting-with-awareness and non-judging subscales had the largest effect on depression and stress DASS subscale scores.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We find statistical support to suggest that distress\u2014particularly depressed mood and stress\u2014mediates the association between mindful attention and pain intensity among orthopedic patients. A disposition of mindful attention might counter distress ailments that exacerbate subjective pain, and this has possible implications for mindfulness training interventions offered to orthopedic patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T22:54:29Z","timestamp":1693349669000},"page":"63-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mindful attention is inversely associated with pain via mediation by psychological distress in orthopedic patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8646-9664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Nok","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90033, United 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