{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:23:29Z","timestamp":1740126209713,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004160","name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recently, there has been a renewed interest in traditional medicine for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Curcumin has been reported as an agent with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective attributes. This study is one of the first investigations to assess the effect of curcumin gel on CTS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study is a prospective, 8-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. A total of 70 patients with CTS were analyzed. The intervention group (n\u2009=\u200935) received a topical curcumin gel and a night wrist splint and the control group (n\u2009=\u200935) received a placebo gel and a night wrist splint for 8\u2009weeks. The primary outcome was the assessment of the symptom severity scale (SSS) and functional status scale (FSS) of the participants using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) after 8\u2009weeks. In addition, all participants were evaluated by electrodiagnostic (EDX) test at baseline and after 8\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean scores of SSS demonstrated a significant decrease in the curcumin group compared to the placebo group; P-value= 0.021. The mean change score of SSS after the intervention was 12.45\u2009\u00b1\u20098.18 in curcumin and 3.28\u2009\u00b1\u20097.06 in the placebo group; P-value\u2009=\u20090.0001 and the mean change score of FSS were 6.24\u2009\u00b1\u20094.91 and 2.31\u2009\u00b1\u20094.95 in curcumin and placebo groups, respectively; P-value\u2009=\u20090.002. However, the EDX study showed no significant changes in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It seems that curcumin gel could be effective in the improvement of the symptom severity and daily activity of patients with CTS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnae001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T04:33:10Z","timestamp":1706157190000},"page":"327-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of topical curcumin on mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Athena","family":"Sharifi Razavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari, 4815838477, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mohajerani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Clinical Research Development Unit of Bou Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari, 4815838477, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Niksolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari, 4816633131, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5912-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narges","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari, 4815838477, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v6.i6.284","article-title":"A handy review of carpal tunnel syndrome: From anatomy to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Ghasemi-Rad","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"issue":"161","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B2","first-page":"144","article-title":"Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Moosazadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J-Mazand-Univ-Med-Sci"},{"issue":"146","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B3","first-page":"179","article-title":"Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and associated risk factors","volume":"26","author":"Karimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J-Mazand-Univ-Med-Sci"},{"key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.39.90.27234","article-title":"The relationship of serum lipid profiles and obesity with the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Razavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.014","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: the role of occupational factors","volume":"25","author":"Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00169-4","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: pathophysiology and clinical neurophysiology","volume":"113","author":"Werner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2020.1737050","article-title":"Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Karimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B8","first-page":"4","article-title":"Pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Aboonq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Riyadh Saudi Arab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.03.047","article-title":"Interleukin and growth factor gene variants and risk of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"564","author":"Burger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B10","first-page":"179","article-title":"Permeability of intraneural microvessels and perineurium following acute, graded experimental nerve compression","volume":"11","author":"Rydevik","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507077294","article-title":"A systematic review of conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Piazzini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2017.02.004","article-title":"Efficacy of manual therapy including neurodynamic techniques for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Wolny","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Manipulat Physiol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.12.005","article-title":"Neurodynamic Techniques Versus \u201cSham\u201d Therapy in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"99","author":"Wolny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587216677822","article-title":"A topical gel from flax seed oil compared with hand splint in carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Setayesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"},{"key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146383","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/146383","article-title":"The complementary and alternative medicine for endometriosis: a review of utilization and mechanism","volume":"2014","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2015.08.001","article-title":"A pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on topical chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) oil for severe carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Hashempur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/2008-2231-22-43","article-title":"Effect of Linum usitatissimum L. (linseed) oil on mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Hashempur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2016.11.010","article-title":"Efficacy of topical chamomile oil for mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Hashempur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B19","first-page":"288","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of curcumin, tramadol and surgical treatments on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury in rats","volume":"28","author":"Ceyhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.050","article-title":"Curcumin exerts antinociceptive effects in a mouse model of neuropathic pain: descending monoamine system and opioid receptors are differentially involved","volume":"62","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91303","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091303","article-title":"Curcumin alleviates neuropathic pain by inhibiting p300\/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity-regulated expression of BDNF and cox-2 in a rat model","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122095","article-title":"Curcumin exerts antinociceptive effects by inhibiting the activation of astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn and the intracellular extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway in rat model of chronic constriction injury","volume":"126","author":"Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-011-0389-3","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits ox-LDL-induced MCP-1 expression by suppressing the p38MAPK and NF-\u03baB pathways in rat vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"61","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2010.05.001","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of curcumin in arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in rats","volume":"31","author":"Yadav","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.11.025","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates endothelial cell oxidative stress injury through Notch signaling inhibition","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000189","article-title":"Curcumin treatment attenuates pain and enhances functional recovery after incision","volume":"118","author":"Sahbaie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0606-7","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of nanocurcumin as add-on therapy to riluzole in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pilot randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B28","first-page":"e25032","article-title":"An overview of Parkinson\u2019s disease: curcumin as a possible alternative treatment","volume":"14","author":"Patel","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.02.003","article-title":"New candidates for treatment and management of carpal tunnel syndrome based on the Persian Canon of Medicine","volume":"7","author":"Setayesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"year":"2013","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B30"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2070","article-title":"Effect of insulin and its combination with resveratrol or curcumin in attenuation of diabetic neuropathic pain: Participation of nitric oxide and TNF-alpha","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytother Res PTR"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2015.03.001","article-title":"Curcumin, a golden spice with a low bioavailability","volume":"5","author":"Siviero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Herb Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.07.001","article-title":"Curcumin and its topical formulations for wound healing applications","volume":"22","author":"Mohanty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-013-0023-5","article-title":"Molecular inclusion complex of curcumin-\u03b2-cyclodextrin nanoparticle to enhance curcumin skin permeability from hydrophilic matrix gel","volume":"14","author":"Rachmawati","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3500","article-title":"Topical application of curcumin regulates the angiogenesis in diabetic-impaired cutaneous wound","volume":"38","author":"Dehghani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.03.009","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin accelerated the cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"20","author":"Kant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1021\/np050327j","article-title":"Turmeric extracts containing curcuminoids prevent experimental rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Funk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67078","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067078","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting IL-1beta and IL-6 production in mice","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"year":"2004","author":"Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (2003\u202f: Rome I, World Health Organization & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B39"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10185","article-title":"Practice parameter for electrodiagnostic studies in carpal tunnel syndrome: summary statement","volume":"25","author":"American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Academy of Neurology, and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200008)23:8<1280::AID-MUS20>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"A neurophysiological grading scale for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Bland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2017.07.004","article-title":"Effectiveness of Lavendula stoechas essential oil in treatment of mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Eftekharsadat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B43","first-page":"71","article-title":"Translation and validation of the persian version the boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire","volume":"6","author":"Hassankhani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03822.x","article-title":"Adverse effects of herbal drugs in dermatology","volume":"143","author":"Ernst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23113","article-title":"Effect of radial shock wave therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.21.2813","article-title":"Reporting number needed to treat and absolute risk reduction in randomized controlled trials","volume":"287","author":"Nuovo","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1489-6","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates CFA induced thermal hyperalgesia by modulation of antioxidant enzymes and down regulation of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6","volume":"40","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960004","article-title":"Pharmacology of Curcuma longa","volume":"57","author":"Ammon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4666","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094666","article-title":"Effects of curcumin and its different formulations in preclinical and clinical studies of peripheral neuropathic and postoperative pain: a comprehensive review","volume":"22","author":"Basu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3248","article-title":"Effect of E. laciniata (L) ointment on mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Eftekharsadat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050207505198900_pnae001-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.195033","article-title":"Effect of a polyherbal formulation cream on diabetic neuropathic pain among patients with type 2 diabetes\u2014a pilot study","volume":"144","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/pm\/pnae001\/56613903\/pnae001.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/25\/5\/327\/57368370\/pnae001.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/25\/5\/327\/57368370\/pnae001.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T07:51:20Z","timestamp":1714636280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/25\/5\/327\/7590853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnae001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1526-2375"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1526-4637"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]}}}