{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:19:15Z","timestamp":1789103955278,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the predictive value of thoracic sympathetic ganglion block (TSGB) in response to ketamine infusion therapy (KIT) and spinal-cord stimulation (SCS) in patients with chronic upper-extremity pain including complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tertiary hospital single-center<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients who underwent TSGB receiving KIT or SCS within a 3-year window.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Positive TSGB outcomes were defined as \u22652 0\u201310 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score reduction at 2\u2009weeks post-procedure. Positive KIT and SCS outcomes were determined by \u22652 NRS score reduction at 2\u20134\u2009weeks post-KIT and \u22654 NRS score reduction at 2\u20134\u2009weeks post-SCS implantation, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 207 patients who underwent TSGB, 38 received KIT and 34 underwent SCS implantation within 3\u2009years post-TSGB; 33 patients receiving KIT and 32 patients receiving SCS were included. Among 33 patients who received KIT, 60.6% (n\u2009=\u200920) reported a\u2009\u2265\u20092 0\u201310 NRS pain-score reduction. Positive response to TSGB occurred in 70.0% (n\u2009=\u200914) KIT responders, significantly higher than that in 30.8% (n\u2009=\u20094) KIT non-responders. Multivariable analysis revealed a positive association between positive responses to TSGB and KIT (OR 7.004, 95% CI 1.26\u201339.02). Among 32 patients who underwent SCS implantation, 68.8% (n\u2009=\u200922) experienced short-term effectiveness. Positive response to TSGB was significantly higher in SCS responders (45.5%, n\u2009=\u200910) than in non-responders (0.0%). However, there were no associations between pain reduction post-TSGB and that post-KIT or post-SCS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A positive response to TSGB is a potential predictor for positive KIT and SCS outcomes among patients with chronic upper-extremity pain, including CRPS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnae038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T12:15:50Z","timestamp":1715256950000},"page":"553-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of thoracic sympathetic ganglion block as a predictor for response to ketamine infusion therapy and spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic upper extremity pain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8784-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangaram","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjae","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5551-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee Youn","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of 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