{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:12:39Z","timestamp":1777954359121,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000058","name":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emergency Department Alternatives to Opioids Demonstration Program","award":["H79TI083109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H79TI083109"]}]},{"name":"Duke Department of Population Health Sciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000886","name":"Duke Endowment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>cute musculoskeletal pain in emergency department (ED) patients is challenging to treat with medications alone, but adding acupuncture may improve pain outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pragmatic randomized controlled trial, acupuncture was delivered by licensed acupuncturists in the ED and twice a week in follow-up clinic for 1\u2009month. From February 10, 2020 to April 19, 2023, 2781 adult patients at an academic ED with acute (\u22647\u2009days) musculoskeletal pain in neck, back and\/or extremities were screened, and 599 were enrolled and randomized to usual care only (n\u2009=\u2009189, 31.6%) or acupuncture plus usual care (n\u2009=\u2009410, 68.4%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acupuncture and control arms had similar demographics (mean age 45.2, SD 15.8; 57.7% female) and baseline pain scores (control 7.1, SD 2.2; acupuncture 7.1, SD 2.3). At 1\u2009month, pain scores were similar between arms (control 3.8, SD 3.2; acupuncture 3.2, SD 3.0). However, 178 (43.4%) participants in the acupuncture arm were unable to attend acupuncture clinic and reported time and financial constraints. Exploratory analysis of pain score by number of clinic sessions attended showed that patients attending 6 or more acupuncture sessions (n\u2009=\u2009121, 20.2%) experienced significant pain improvements compared to those with fewer sessions (n\u2009=\u2009478, 79.8%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improving access and availability of acupuncture in outpatient settings may be needed for more effective pain management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaf165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T13:10:08Z","timestamp":1764249008000},"page":"525-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acupuncture for acute musculoskeletal pain in the emergency department and clinic: a pragmatic randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9986-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie A","family":"Eucker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Durham VA Medical Center, Emergency Department , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2938-6125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell R","family":"Knisely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-5673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"O\u2019Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christi","family":"De Larco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Mill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Sill Henis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gordee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Methods Core, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shein-Chung","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1105-5918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie","family":"Kuchibhatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Methods Core, Duke University , Durham, NC,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B1","volume-title":"Hospital Emergency Department Visits by Primary Diagnosis","author":"NCHS Data Query System","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2012.05.002","article-title":"Pain scores among emergency department (ED) patients: comparison by ED diagnosis","volume":"44","author":"Marco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S137992","article-title":"Prospective study on prevalence, intensity, type, and therapy of acute pain in a second-level urban emergency department","volume":"10","author":"Mura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12668","article-title":"Pain management in the emergency chain: the use and effectiveness of pain management in patients with acute musculoskeletal pain","volume":"16","author":"Pierik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3601","article-title":"Management of acute pain from non-low back, musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"173","author":"Busse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2458","article-title":"Systemic pharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline","volume":"166","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-2162","article-title":"Effectiveness of opioid analgesic medicines prescribed in or at discharge from emergency departments for musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2459","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"166","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001430","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for pain management in acute musculoskeletal injury","volume":"33","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3602","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management of acute pain from non-low back, musculoskeletal injuries in adults: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians and American Academy of Family Physicians","volume":"173","author":"Qaseem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.05.022","article-title":"Acute pain management in the emergency department: use of multimodal and non-opioid analgesic treatment strategies","volume":"58","author":"Rech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2024.101095","article-title":"Acupuncture in the emergency department (ACUITY): results from a BraveNet multi-center feasibility randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Dusek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2024.03.014","article-title":"An adaptive pragmatic randomized controlled trial of emergency department acupuncture for acute musculoskeletal pain management","volume":"84","author":"Eucker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12832","article-title":"Review article: does acupuncture have a role in providing analgesia in the emergency setting? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Jan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2017.1237","article-title":"Does ear acupuncture have a role for pain relief in the emergency setting? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Jan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13411","article-title":"Are nonpharmacologic pain interventions effective at reducing pain in adult patients visiting the emergency department? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e061661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061661","article-title":"Acupuncture for acute musculoskeletal pain management in the emergency department and continuity clinic: a protocol for an adaptive pragmatic randomised controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Eucker","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0046","article-title":"CONSORT statement for randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatments: a 2017 update and a CONSORT extension for nonpharmacologic trial abstracts","volume":"167","author":"Boutron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2007.0603","article-title":"Battlefield acupuncture","volume":"19","author":"Niemtzow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Acupunct"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2011.0193","article-title":"The ADDOPT study (Acupuncture to Decrease Disparities in Outcomes of Pain Treatment): feasibility of offering acupuncture in the community health center setting","volume":"18","author":"McKee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05583-6","article-title":"Individual vs. group delivery of acupuncture therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain in urban primary care\u2014a randomized trial","volume":"35","author":"McKee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap): a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-5391.2010.01086.x","article-title":"Revised STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA): extending the CONSORT statement","volume":"3","author":"MacPherson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2020.499","article-title":"Development of an electronic health records datamart to support clinical and population health research","volume":"5","author":"Hurst","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001758","article-title":"Graded chronic pain scale revised: mild, bothersome, and high-impact chronic pain","volume":"161","author":"Von Korff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00185.x","article-title":"The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): development, reliability and feasibility","volume":"97","author":"WHO ASSIST Working Group","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70238-X","article-title":"Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity","volume":"27","author":"Todd","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318258f744","article-title":"Neuro-QOL: brief measures of health-related quality of life for clinical research in neurology","volume":"78","author":"Cella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011","article-title":"The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005-2008","volume":"63","author":"Cella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B30","volume-title":"Evidence Map of Acupuncture","author":"Hempel","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2006.09.005","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic pain within the research program of 10 German Health Insurance Funds\u2014basic results from an observational study","volume":"15","author":"Weidenhammer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.02.020","article-title":"(324) Characterizing expectations for functional outcomes in emergency department patients with musculoskeletal pain","volume":"20","author":"Eucker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","volume-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1027","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001027","article-title":"Willingness to use nonpharmacologic treatments for musculoskeletal pain in the emergency department: a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Eucker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2011.0128","article-title":"Utilization of group-based, community acupuncture clinics: a comparative study with a nationally representative sample of acupuncture users","volume":"18","author":"Chao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131917721652","article-title":"Exploring the value proposition of primary care for safety-net patients who utilize emergency departments to address unmet needs","volume":"8","author":"Enard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e071554","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-071554","article-title":"Dose-response relationship between acupuncture time parameters and the effects on chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis protocol","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.11.45","article-title":"Using meta-regression approach to explore the dose-response association between acupuncture sessions and acupuncture effects on chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.11.005","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic pain: update of an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Vickers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00304-8","article-title":"Is acupuncture effective for the treatment of chronic pain? A systematic review","volume":"86","author":"Ezzo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93739","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093739","article-title":"Influence of control group on effect size in trials of acupuncture for chronic pain: a secondary analysis of an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"MacPherson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003249","article-title":"Methods for pragmatic randomized clinical trials of pain therapies: IMMPACT statement","volume":"165","author":"Hohenschurz-Schmidt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834112","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.834112","article-title":"Plausible mechanism of sham acupuncture based on biomarkers: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5875","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15245875","article-title":"Different outcomes according to needling point location used in sham acupuncture for cancer-related pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.04.013","article-title":"Clinical trials overview: from explanatory to pragmatic clinical trials","volume":"98","author":"Le-Rademacher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026050413571108100_pnaf165-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-023-3608-1","article-title":"Placebo response among different types of sham acupuncture for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"29","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaf165\/65667586\/pnaf165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/27\/5\/525\/65667586\/pnaf165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/27\/5\/525\/65667586\/pnaf165.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:57:22Z","timestamp":1777917442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/27\/5\/525\/8362281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaf165","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}}}