{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:28:07Z","timestamp":1767979687307,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To map literature on racial\u2013ethnic differences in the management of individuals with co-occurring chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) and opioid use disorder (OUD), and to scope clinician, system, and patient factors that might contribute to these differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review of 5 databases through May 1, 2025, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. CNCP was defined as pain lasting \u22653\u2009months unrelated to malignancy; OUD was identified through diagnostic codes, clinician assessments, or validated proxies. Eligible studies included adults with both conditions and reported outcomes stratified by participant race or ethnicity. Data were extracted and appraised with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were synthesized inductively across 4 themes: prevalence and predictors, treatment differences, provider decision-making, and patient-reported experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one studies were included, encompassing prospective, retrospective, cross-sectional, and qualitative designs. Among patients with CNCP and OUD, Black and Hispanic groups were less likely to receive nonpharmacological pain treatments, pain specialist referrals, or buprenorphine for OUD. Conversely, opioid prescribing rates and OUD diagnoses were higher among White patients. Patients reported experiences of differential treatment and stigma, a finding reinforced by clinician interviews that described greater reluctance to prescribe opioids to non-White racial and ethnic groups. None of the reviewed studies found that non-White individuals faced a higher risk of opioid misuse or OUD; instead, key predictors included pain-related distress and treatment access barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in CNCP and OUD care might relate to access-related factors and stigma. Comprehensive research and improvements in treatment access are necessary to ensure accessible and integrated care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) (registration: Osf.io\/c349g).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaf173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T12:45:56Z","timestamp":1765111556000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differences in diagnosis and treatment across racial\u2013ethnic groups with co-occurring chronic pain and opioid use disorder: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale 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