{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:20:11Z","timestamp":1783066811034,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Refractory chronic pain conditions remain challenging to manage, and intravenous infusions of ketamine, lidocaine, or their combination have emerged as potential therapeutic options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness and safety of intravenous lidocaine, ketamine, and their combination in patients with refractory chronic pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analytic study of patients treated between January 2020 and November 2024 at an outpatient pain clinic. Eligible patients had persistent severe pain (numerical rating scale [NRS] &amp;gt; 6\/10) despite \u22653\u2009months of multimodal pain management and received intravenous lidocaine, ketamine, or combination infusions. The primary outcome was immediate pain reduction post-infusion. Secondary outcomes included pain relief at 1 and 3\u2009months, quality of life (QoL) assessed by EQ-5D-5L, and associations between clinical characteristics and treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 120 patients were included. All 3 groups demonstrated significant reductions in NRS scores from baseline after the first infusion, with mean differences of 3.09 (95% CI 2.56-3.62) for lidocaine, 2.30 (95% CI 1.48-3.13) for ketamine, and 3.95 (95% CI 3.33-4.57) for combination therapy. Analgesic effects persisted at 1- and 3-month follow-up. Mild, self-limiting adverse effects occurred in 7.5% of patients. The combination group showed superior pain reduction at selected time points and greater improvements in QoL at 3\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intravenous lidocaine, ketamine, and combination infusions provide immediate and sustained pain relief in refractory chronic pain. Combination therapy may offer additional benefit beyond monotherapy, supporting its consideration in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnag022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:22:25Z","timestamp":1770034945000},"page":"763-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analgesic efficacy of intravenous lidocaine vs ketamine in refractory chronic pain: a retrospective analytic study with 3-month follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kanita","family":"Kositanurit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Management Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital , Bangkok,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pornpan","family":"Chalermkitpanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Management Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital , Bangkok,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noramon","family":"Limtrakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Management Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital , Bangkok,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sireedhorn","family":"Assavanop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Management Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital , 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