{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:28:22Z","timestamp":1788942502998,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background. Guidelines have been published that recommend discontinuing anticoagulants in patients undergoing interventional pain procedures. The safety and effectiveness of these guidelines have not been tested.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Objectives. The present study was performed to determine if continuing or discontinuing anticoagulants for pain procedures is associated with a detectable risk of complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. An observational study was conducted in a private practice in which some partners continued anticoagulants while other partners routinely discontinued anticoagulants.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. No complications attributable to anticoagulants were encountered in 4,766 procedures in which anticoagulants were continued. In 2,296 procedures in which anticoagulants were discontinued according to the guidelines, nine patients suffered serious morbidity, including two deaths.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. Lumbar transforaminal injections, lumbar medial branch blocks, trigger point injections, and sacroiliac joint blocks appear to be safe in patients who continue anticoagulants. In patients who discontinue anticoagulants, although low (0.2%) the risk of serious complications is not zero, and must be considered when deciding between continuing and discontinuing anticoagulants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]],"date-time":"2016-06-13T20:51:25Z","timestamp":1465851085000},"page":"403-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Risks of Continuing or Discontinuing Anticoagulants for Patients Undergoing Common Interventional Pain Procedures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Endres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*The Pain Clinic of Northwestern Wisconsin, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Shufelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Bogduk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199412000-00024","article-title":"Anticoagulants and spinal-epidural anesthesia","volume":"79","author":"Vandermeulen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.1.0001","article-title":"Surgical management of spinal epidural hematoma: Relationship between surgical timing and neurological outcome","volume":"83","author":"Lawton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B3","first-page":"172","article-title":"Regional anesthesia in the anticoagulated patient: Defining the risks (The Second ASRA Consensus Conference on Neuraxial Anesthesia and Anticoagulation)","volume":"28","author":"Horlocker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02089.x","article-title":"Nordic guidelines for neuraxial blocks in disturbed haemostasis from the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"54","author":"Breivik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32833f6f6f","article-title":"Regional anaesthesia and antithrombotic agents: Recommendations of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"27","author":"Gogarten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181c15c70","article-title":"Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic therapy or thrombolytic therapy. 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Guidelines from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, the International Neuromodulation Society, the North American Neuromodulation Society, and the World Institute of Pain","volume":"40","author":"Narouze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.04.012","article-title":"Should antiplatelet medications be held before cervical epidural injections?","volume":"6","author":"Furman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B9","volume-title":"Practice Guidelines for Spinal Diagnostic & Treatment Procedures","author":"Bogduk","year":"2013","edition":"2nd edition"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B10","first-page":"303","article-title":"Preoperative antiplatelet therapy does not increase the risk of spinal hematoma associated with regional anesthesia","volume":"80","author":"Horlocker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200212000-00041","article-title":"Risk assessment of hemorrhagic complications associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications in ambulatory pain clinic patients undergoing epidural steroid injection","volume":"95","author":"Horlocker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2025102706413760400_pnw108-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/317","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of bleeding risk of interventional techniques in chronic pain","volume":"14","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/18\/3\/403\/64954832\/painmedicine_18_3_403.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/18\/3\/403\/64954832\/painmedicine_18_3_403.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:41:50Z","timestamp":1761561710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/18\/3\/403\/2924697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,11]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnw108","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,11]]}}}