{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:07:23Z","timestamp":1784891243533,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To assess prevalence rates and correlates of problematic use of prescription opioids and medicinal cannabis (MC) among patients receiving treatment for chronic pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design. Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Setting. Two leading pain clinics in Israel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Subjects. Our sample included 888 individuals receiving treatment for chronic pain, of whom 99.4% received treatment with prescription opioids or MC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. Problematic use of prescription opioids and MC was assessed using DSM-IV criteria, Portenoy\u2019s Criteria (PC), and the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) questionnaire. Additional sociodemographic and clinical correlates of problematic use were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. Among individuals treated with prescription opioids, prevalence of problematic use of opioids according to DSM-IV, PC, and COMM was 52.6%, 17.1%, and 28.7%, respectively. Among those treated with MC, prevalence of problematic use of cannabis according to DSM-IV and PC was 21.2% and 10.6%, respectively. Problematic use of opioids and cannabis was more common in individuals using medications for longer periods of time, reporting higher levels of depression and anxiety, and using alcohol or drugs. Problematic use of opioids was associated with higher self-reported levels of pain, and problematic use of cannabis was more common among individuals using larger amounts of MC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. Problematic use of opioids is common among chronic pain patients treated with prescription opioids and is more prevalent than problematic use of cannabis among those receiving MC. Pain patients should be screened for risk factors for problematic use before initiating long-term treatment for pain-control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,26]],"date-time":"2016-06-26T20:19:48Z","timestamp":1466972388000},"page":"294-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Problematic Use of Prescription Opioids and Medicinal Cannabis Among Patients Suffering from Chronic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Feingold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel"},{"name":"\u2020Addiction Medicine and Dual Diagnosis Services, Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itay","family":"Goor-Aryeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021Pain Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silviu","family":"Bril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a7Pain Center, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Delayahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00b6Department of Dual Diagnosis, Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"\u2016Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaul","family":"Lev-Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020Addiction Medicine and Dual Diagnosis Services, Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"},{"name":"\u2016Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"|||Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200309000-00003","article-title":"Rapid improvement in pain management: The veterans health administration and the institute for healthcare improvement collaborative","volume":"19","author":"Cleeland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03291-5","article-title":"Single-patient data meta-analysis of 3453 postoperative patients: Oral tramadol versus placebo, codeine and combination analgesics","volume":"69","author":"Moore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363090-00002","article-title":"Optimising postoperative pain management in the ambulatory patient","volume":"63","author":"Shang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgh012","article-title":"Evidence report on the treatment of pain in cancer patients","author":"Carr","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B5","article-title":"Prescription Opioid and Heroin Abuse.","author":"Volkow","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1402780","article-title":"Medication-assisted therapies\u2013tackling the opioid-overdose epidemic","volume":"370","author":"Volkow","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.272","article-title":"Pharmaceutical overdose deaths, United States, 2010","volume":"309","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-015-0524-x","article-title":"Medical marijuana and chronic pain: A Review of Basic Science and Clinical Evidence","volume":"19","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6199","article-title":"Medical marijuana for treatment of chronic pain and other medical and psychiatric problems: A clinical review","volume":"313","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.110","article-title":"Assessing the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis use in the USA","volume":"97","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra025411","article-title":"Opioid therapy for chronic pain","volume":"349","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(94)90203-8","article-title":"Cold-pressor pain tolerance in opiate and cocaine abusers: Correlates of drug type and use status","volume":"9","author":"Compton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2006.08.004","article-title":"Addiction to opioids in chronic pain patients: A literature review","volume":"11","author":"Hojsted","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200207001-00004","article-title":"Assessment for addiction in pain-treatment settings","volume":"18","author":"Savage","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3.","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-2-3","article-title":"Negative consequences associated with dependence in daily cannabis users","volume":"2","author":"Looby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2003.10.009","article-title":"Development of a self-report screening instrument for assessing potential opioid medication misuse in chronic pain patients","volume":"27","author":"Adams","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.04.007","article-title":"Predicting aberrant drug behavior in patients treated for chronic pain: importance of abuse history","volume":"28","author":"Michna","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR).","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(93)90154-N","article-title":"Opioid use in the treatment of chronic pain: Assessment of addiction","volume":"8","author":"Sees","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1053\/eujp.2001.0241","article-title":"Opioids in chronic non-malignant pain","volume":"5","author":"Eriksen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B21","first-page":"S46","article-title":"Chronic opioid therapy in nonmalignant pain","volume":"5","author":"Portenoy","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(84)90027-3","article-title":"Long-term use of narcotic analgesics in chronic pain","volume":"19","author":"France","year":"1984","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000125189.17830.02","article-title":"Daily scheduled opioids for intractable head pain: Long-term observations of a treatment program","volume":"62","author":"Saper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03057-3","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community","volume":"354","author":"Elliott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B25","first-page":"17","article-title":"The validity of self-reported drug use in survey research: An overview and critique of research methods","volume":"167","author":"Harrison","year":"1997","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00070-X","article-title":"The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): Reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample","volume":"71","author":"Grant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00964.x","article-title":"Recovery from DSM-IV alcohol dependence: United States, 2001-2002","volume":"100","author":"Dawson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01134-K","article-title":"The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule (AUDADIS): Reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a general population sample","volume":"39","author":"Grant","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2011.581961","article-title":"Prevalence of prescription opioid-use disorder among chronic pain patients: Comparison of the DSM-5 vs. DSM-4 diagnostic criteria","volume":"30","author":"Boscarino","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.859","article-title":"Sensitive questions in surveys","volume":"133","author":"Tourangeau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.04.006","article-title":"Classification and identification of opioid addiction in chronic pain patients","volume":"14","author":"Hojsted","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B32","first-page":"5","article-title":"Treatment of patients with substance use disorders, second edition. American psychiatric association","volume":"164","author":"Kleber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.01.014","article-title":"Development and validation of the current opioid misuse measure","volume":"130","author":"Butler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient health questionnaire","volume":"282","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"Lowe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2014.907860","article-title":"Individuals receiving specialized treatment for drug and alcohol dependence and gambling disorder in Israel\u2013characteristics and implications for prevalence estimates","volume":"35","author":"Lev-Ran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01357.x","article-title":"Review and critique of opioid rotation practices and associated risks of toxicity","volume":"13","author":"Webster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B39"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B40","first-page":"55","article-title":"Prevalence of illicit drug use among individuals with chronic pain in the commonwealth of Kentucky: An evaluation of patterns and trends","volume":"103","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ky Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.10.006","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV-TR major depressive disorder, self-reported diagnosed depression and current depressive symptoms among adults in Germany","volume":"190","author":"Maske","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B42","article-title":"DSM-IV, ICD-10 and FTND: Discordant tobacco dependence diagnoses in adult smokers","volume":"1","author":"Mwenifumbo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Addict Res Ther"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B43","first-page":"S347","article-title":"Truth or consequences: The validity of self-report data in health services research on addictions","volume":"95(suppl 3)","author":"Del Boca","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2005.10.006","article-title":"A comparison of the abuse liability of tramadol, NSAIDs, and hydrocodone in patients with chronic pain","volume":"31","author":"Adams","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200004000-00029","article-title":"Opioid substitution to improve the effectiveness of chronic noncancer pain control: A chart review","volume":"90","author":"Quang-Cantagrel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2014.07.005","article-title":"Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH): A real clinical problem or just an experimental phenomenon?","volume":"49","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0708","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of nonmedical prescription drug use and drug use disorders in the United States: Results of the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"67","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2011.587700","article-title":"Who are medical marijuana patients? Population characteristics from nine California assessment clinics","volume":"43","author":"Reinarman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B49","article-title":"An analysis of applicants presenting to a medical marijuana specialty practice in California","volume":"4(1)","author":"Nunberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drug Policy Anal"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-4-16","article-title":"Long term marijuana users seeking medical cannabis in California (2001-2007): Demographics, social characteristics, patterns of cannabis and other drug use of 4117 applicants","volume":"4","author":"O'Connell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2003.03038.x","article-title":"A survey of chronic noncancer pain patients prescribed opioid analgesics","volume":"4","author":"Cowan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.9368375.x","article-title":"Long-term cannabis use: Characteristics of users in an Australian rural area","volume":"93","author":"Reilly","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0091","article-title":"Cannabis\u2014The Israeli perspective","volume":"27","author":"Mechoulam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.009","article-title":"Major increases in opioid analgesic abuse in the United States: Concerns and strategies","volume":"81","author":"Compton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X158066","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cannabis based treatments for neuropathic and multiple sclerosis-related pain","volume":"23","author":"Iskedjian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.07.014","article-title":"An open-label extension study to investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of THC\/CBD oromucosal spray and oromucosal THC spray in patients with terminal cancer-related pain refractory to strong opioid analgesics","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.08.002","article-title":"Cannabinoids as pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain: From the bench to the bedside","volume":"6","author":"Rahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/145","article-title":"A comprehensive review of opioid-induced hyperalgesia","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2005.07.003","article-title":"Validity of the brief patient health questionnaire mood scale (PHQ-9) in the general population","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2003.03040.x","article-title":"Chronic pain, depression, and quality of life: Correlations and predictive value of the SF-36","volume":"4","author":"Elliott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006859","article-title":"Suicidality in chronic pain: A review of the prevalence, risk factors and psychological links","volume":"36","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2025102706413048100_pnw134-B62","volume-title":"Data Collection Methods In Quantitative Research: Questionnaire, Interviews and Their Response Rates","author":"Bowling","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/18\/2\/294\/64954825\/painmedicine_18_2_294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/18\/2\/294\/64954825\/painmedicine_18_2_294.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:41:50Z","timestamp":1761561710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/18\/2\/294\/2924709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnw134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]}}}