{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:44:45Z","timestamp":1788345885058,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective.\u2002The aim of this study was to assess whether the effectiveness of bisphosphonate infusion in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is influenced by variables related to patient and\/or disease characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods.\u2002This is a retrospective analysis of patients referred in the last five years to our rheumatologic tertiary care center, all fulfilling the Budapest CRPS-I diagnostic criteria and treated with three different bisphosphonate schedules (clodronate, pamidronate, and neridronate). For every subject, demographic and clinical variables were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed. We identified variables that independently influenced the therapeutic outcome of patients by a logistic regression analysis. For exploratory purposes, the effectiveness of the different bisphosphonate treatments employed was compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results.\u2002Among the 194 patients included in the analysis, the overall therapeutic response rate was 71.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictive variables for therapeutic effectiveness were disease duration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72\u20130.96 for a one-month increment), fracture as a predisposing event (OR\u2009=\u20093.23, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.29\u20138.03), and \u201cwarm\u201d disease subtype (OR\u2009=\u20094.88, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.57\u201315.20). These variables were found to influence the odds of responsiveness when analyzed together with age at onset, gender, and disease localization. No significant difference in therapeutic effectiveness was found by comparing the three different bisphosphonate schedules employed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion.\u2002Early disease, fracture as a predisposing event, and \u201cwarm\u201d disease subtype are predictors of responsiveness to bisphosphonate treatment in patients with CRPS-I.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T20:38:26Z","timestamp":1474403906000},"page":"1131-1138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Predictors of Responsiveness to Bisphosphonate Treatment in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: A Retrospective Chart Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Varenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Manara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Zucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Sinigaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102705220700300_pnw207-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.01.500","article-title":"The outcome of complex regional pain syndrome type 1: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Bean","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2025102705220700300_pnw207-B2","first-page":"CD009416","article-title":"Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"4","author":"O'Connell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025102705220700300_pnw207-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12033","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: Practical diagnostic and treatment guidelines, 4th edition","volume":"14","author":"Harden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2025102705220700300_pnw207-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-20","article-title":"Evidence based guidelines for complex regional pain syndrome type 1","volume":"10","author":"Perez","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2025102705220700300_pnw207-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.11-6-596","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome in adults: Concise guidance","volume":"11","author":"Turner-Stokes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"2025102705220700300_pnw207-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.3.201","article-title":"Bisphosphonate therapy of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Adami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025102705220700300_pnw207-B7","first-page":"1477","article-title":"Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. 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