{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:23:54Z","timestamp":1793741034031,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective.\u2002The aim was to examine whether the presence of pain (based on physical conditions and participants\u2019 report) and self-reported pain experience in adults with Down syndrome (DS) differ from general population controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design.\u2002Cross-sectional study of 224 adults with DS (mean age = 38.1 years, mild-severe intellectual disabilities) and 142 age-matched controls (median age = 40.5 years, mean estimated IQ\u2009=\u2009105.7) in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. \u00a0\u2002File-based medical information was evaluated. Self-reported presence and experience of pain were assessed in rest and after movement during a test session (affect with facial affective scale (FAS: 0.04\u20130.97), intensity assessed with numeric rating scale (NRS: 0\u201310).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results.\u2002Compared with controls, more DS participants had physical conditions that may cause pain and\/or discomfort (p\u2009=\u2009.004, 50% vs 35%), but fewer DS participants reported pain during the test session (p\u2009=\u2009.003, 58% vs 73%). Of the participants who indicated pain and comprehended self-reporting scales (n\u2009=\u2009198 FAS, n\u2009=\u2009161 NRS), the DS group reported a higher pain affect and intensity than the controls (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001, FAS: 0.75\u20130.85 vs 0.50\u20130.59, NRS: 6.00\u20137.94 vs 2.00\u20133.73).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions.\u2002Not all adults with DS and painful\/discomforting physical conditions reported pain. Those who did indicated a higher pain experience than adults from the general population. Research into spontaneous self-report of pain, repeated pain assessment, and acute pain is needed in people with DS for more insight into pain experience and mismatches between self-report and medical information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,2]],"date-time":"2016-10-02T20:07:40Z","timestamp":1475438860000},"page":"1247-1263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Self-Reported Presence and Experience of Pain in Adults with Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nanda C.","family":"de Knegt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Lobbezoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2020Department of Oral Kinesiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Schuengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heleen M.","family":"Evenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a7Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik J.A.","family":"Scherder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the 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