{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:17:35Z","timestamp":1791357455001,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T08:58:30Z","timestamp":1487149110000},"page":"793-807","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Are Prescription Opioids Driving the Opioid Crisis? Assumptions vs Facts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mark Edmund","family":"Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Bio-behavioral Communications Global, Inc; Private Practice, Consulting Psychology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B1","volume-title":"Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research","author":"Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Advancing Pain Research Care and Education","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B2","article-title":"Obstacles to the prescription and use of opioids. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord","volume":"18","author":"Wallwork","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S102090","article-title":"The American chronic pain crisis and the media: About time to get it right?","volume":"8","author":"Schatman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.970","article-title":"European Pain Federation position paper on appropriate opioid use in chronic pain management","volume":"21","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13776","article-title":"Increases in drug and opioid overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2000\u20132014","volume":"16","author":"Rudd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12340","article-title":"Opioid prescribing levels off, but is less really more?","volume":"15","author":"Fudin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7799","article-title":"Effect of US Drug Enforcement Administration\u2019s rescheduling of hydrocodone combination analgesic products on opioid analgesic prescribing","volume":"176","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B8","author":"Long","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B9","volume-title":"US Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control. National Forensic Laboratory Information System Special Report: Opiates and related drugs reported in NFLIS, 2009\u20132014","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.390","article-title":"The effect of an abuse-deterrent opioid formulation on opioid abuse-related outcomes in the post-marketing setting","volume":"100","author":"Coplan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B11","author":"McAninsh","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B12","author":"Carter","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B13","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23970\/AHRQEPCERTA218","volume-title":"The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain. Evidence Report\/Technology Assessment No. 218. AHRQ Publication No. 14-E005-EF","author":"Chou","year":"2014"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B15","author":"Frenk","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B16","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain\u2014United States, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B17","first-page":"265","article-title":"The damage done by the war on opioids: The pendulum has swung too far","volume":"7","author":"Atkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12398","article-title":"Pain and suicide: The other side of the opioid story","volume":"15","author":"Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12036","article-title":"Patient abandonment in the name of opioid safety","volume":"14","author":"Ziegler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw158","article-title":"Patients with pain need less stigma, not more","volume":"17","author":"Carr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B21","first-page":"153","article-title":"The MEDD myth: The impact of pseudoscience on pain research and prescribing-guideline development","volume":"9","author":"Fudin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1515917","article-title":"Reducing the risks of relief\u2014the CDC opioid-prescribing guideline","volume":"374","author":"Frieden","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B23","author":"Gotbaum","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B24","author":"Aronoff","year":"2014"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B25","author":"Krisberg","year":"2012"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B26","author":"Investigative report on patients denied access to pain meds","year":"2014"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B27","author":"Erickson","year":"2014"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B28","author":"Szalavitz","year":"2014"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B29","author":"Segall","year":"2014"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B30","author":"Fudin","year":"2013"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B31","author":"Grant","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B32","first-page":"20","article-title":"Doctors claim pharmacy chain Walgreens refusing to fill pain meds. Georgia Newsday. September 14, 2012. Cited in: Schoppmann MJ, Beades GJ. New pharmacy standards and their potential effects on patient care","volume":"6","author":"Sullivan","year":"2013","journal-title":"MD Advis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B33","author":"Anson","year":"2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv064","article-title":"An online survey of patients\u2019 experiences since the rescheduling of hydrocodone: The first 100 days","volume":"17","author":"Chambers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B35","first-page":"99","article-title":"Attitudes of primary care practitioners in managing chronic pain patients prescribed opioids for pain: A prospective longitudinal controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Jamison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B36"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B37","author":"Twillman","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B38","first-page":"107","article-title":"The pain epidemic versus the opioid crisis; in Worley SL. New directions in the treatment of chronic pain. National pain strategy will guide prevention, management, and research","volume":"41","author":"Webster","year":"2016","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B39","first-page":"107","article-title":"An integrated approach to undertreatment of pain; in: Worley SL. New directions in the treatment of chronic pain. National Pain Strategy will guide prevention, management, and research","volume":"41","author":"Payne","year":"2016","journal-title":"P T"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0290-27","article-title":"The tragedy of needless pain","volume":"262","author":"Melzack","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56.","DOI":"10.12703\/P7-56","article-title":"The search for novel analgesics: Targets and mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Yaksh","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B42","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Chronic nonmalignant pain in primary care","volume":"78","author":"Jackman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2008.00232.x","article-title":"Benefits of extended-release opioid analgesic formulations in the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"9","author":"Nicholson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60748-9","article-title":"Issues in long-term opioid therapy: Unmet needs, risks, and solutions","volume":"84","author":"Passik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.11.1179","article-title":"Medical illness and the risk of suicide in the elderly","volume":"164","author":"Juurlink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20600","article-title":"Understanding the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and chronic pain: State-of-the-art","volume":"26","author":"Asmundson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.06.003","article-title":"Pain and suicidality: Insights from reward and addiction neuroscience","volume":"109","author":"Elman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001766","article-title":"Opioids for chronic noncancer pain. To prescribe or not to prescribe\u2014what is the question?","volume":"85","author":"Nadeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.07.006","article-title":"Severe chronic pain is associated with increased 10 year mortality. A cohort record linkage study","volume":"14","author":"Torrance","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000260","article-title":"A critical review of neurobiological factors involved in the interactions between chronic pain, depression, and sleep disruption","volume":"32","author":"Boakye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13533","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4334","article-title":"Emerging targets in neuroinflammation-driven chronic pain","volume":"13","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B52","first-page":"6","article-title":"Suicide and suffering in the elderly: We must do better","volume":"12","author":"Practical Pain Management","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pract Pain Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200927020-00002","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: Quality-of-life impact, costs and cost effectiveness of therapy","volume":"27","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01524.x","article-title":"Chronic non-malignant pain patients report as poor health-related quality of life as palliative cancer patients","volume":"52","author":"Fredheim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3586-5","article-title":"Primary care patients with drug use report chronic pain and self-medicate with alcohol and other drugs","volume":"31","author":"Alford","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B56","author":"Use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B57","author":"Lee","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0914","article-title":"Rates of opioid dispensing and overdose after introduction of abuse-deterrent extended-release oxycodone and withdrawal of propoxyphene","volume":"175","author":"Larochelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B59","author":"Gill","year":"2012"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B60","author":"Auth","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.16.5","article-title":"The opioid epidemic and the long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain revisited: A transatlantic perspective","volume":"6","author":"H\u00e4user","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"issue":"2S","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2017.s92","article-title":"Responsible, safe, and effective prescription of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines","volume":"20","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B63","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1508490","article-title":"Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use","volume":"374","author":"Longo","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B65","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B66","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5051","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm655051e1","article-title":"Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2010\u20132015","volume":"65","author":"Rudd","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B68","volume-title":"Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999\u20132015. NCHS Data Brief, No 273","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2017"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B69","volume-title":"Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic: Balancing Societal and Individual Benefits and Risks of Prescription Opioid Use","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2017"},{"issue":"33","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6533a2","article-title":"Fentanyl law enforcement submissions and increases in synthetic opioid\u2013involved overdose deaths\u201427 states, 2013\u20132014","volume":"65","author":"Gladden","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B71","author":"Drug Enforcement Administration","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B72","volume-title":"Drug-Poisoning Deaths Involving Heroin: United States, 2000\u20132013. NCHS Data Brief 190, Data Table for Figure 1","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B73","author":"United States Government Accountability Office","year":"2012"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B74","author":"Popovich","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B75","first-page":"85","article-title":"Cohort study of the impact of high-dose opioid analgesics on overdose mortality","volume":"17","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B76","volume-title":"Drug-Poisoning Deaths Involving Opioid Analgesics: United States, 1999\u20132011. NCHS Data Brief, No 166","author":"Chen","year":"2014"},{"issue":"26","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6526a2","article-title":"Trends in methadone distribution for pain treatment, methadone diversion, and overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2002\u20132014","volume":"65","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2013.09.008","article-title":"Medication pain management in the elderly: Unique and underutilized analgesic treatment options","volume":"35","author":"Atkinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B79","first-page":"891","article-title":"The economic impact of opioid use in the management of chronic nonmalignant pain","volume":"21","author":"Lipman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.03.040","article-title":"Emergency department visits and overdose deaths from combined use of opioids and benzodiazepines","volume":"49","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.117","article-title":"Opioid dose and drug-related mortality in patients with nonmalignant pain","volume":"171","author":"Gomes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B82","volume-title":"National Forensic Laboratory Information System Special Report: Benzodiazepines Reported in NFLIS, 2009\u20132014","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B83","volume-title":"Drugs Most Frequently Involved in Drug Overdose Deaths: United States, 2010\u20132014. National Vital Statistics Reports, volume 65. No. 10","author":"Warner","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01134.x","article-title":"An analysis of the root causes for opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States","volume":"12(suppl 2)","author":"Webster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01356.x","article-title":"Overdose deaths demand a new paradigm for opioid rotation","volume":"13","author":"Webster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B86","volume-title":"CBHSQ Data Review: Associations of Nonmedical Pain Reliever Use and Initiation of Heroin use in the United States","author":"Muhuri","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B87","first-page":"CD006605","article-title":"Long-term opioid management for chronic noncancer pain","author":"Noble","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04005.x","article-title":"Development of dependence following treatment with opioid analgesics for pain relief: A systematic review","volume":"108","author":"Minozzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2013.03.015","article-title":"Adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption at country, global, and regional levels in 2010, its relationship with development level, and changes compared with 2006","volume":"47","author":"Duthey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B90","volume-title":"Ensuring Balance in National Policies on Controlled Substances: Guidance for Availability and Accessibility of Controlled Medicines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B91","author":"Fudin","year":"2013"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B92","author":"Dart","year":"2016"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw245","article-title":"Durations of opioid, nonopioid drug, and behavioral clinical trials for chronic pain: Adequate or inadequate?","volume":"17","author":"Tayeb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.021","article-title":"Meta-analyses of pain studies: What we have learned","volume":"29","author":"H\u00e4user","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/495781","article-title":"Opioids in chronic noncancer pain: More faces from the crowd","volume":"17","author":"Watson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B96","first-page":"154781.","article-title":"Antineuropathic and antinociceptive drugs combination in patients with chronic low back pain: A systematic review","volume":"2012","author":"Roman\u00f2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Res Treat"},{"issue":"13","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021420","article-title":"Oral opioid therapy for chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain","volume":"348","author":"Rowbotham","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.4005","article-title":"Medical cannabis laws and opioid analgesic overdose mortality in the United States, 1999-2010","volume":"174","author":"Bachhuber","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.09.011","article-title":"Burden of disease is often aggravated by opioid treatment of chronic pain patients: Etiology and prevention","volume":"155","author":"Breivik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.09.009","article-title":"Opioid therapy for chronic pain in the US: Promises and perils","volume":"154","author":"Sullivan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.802","article-title":"Long-term opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain in Germany","volume":"20","author":"Marschall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B102","author":"AMA suggests changes to CDC policies on opioids","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B103","author":"Hansen","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B104","article-title":"Responses and criticisms over new CDC opioid prescribing guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Ciccone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pract Pain Manag"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B105","author":"Samp","year":"2015"},{"issue":"7182","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7182.527","article-title":"Potential benefits, limitations, and harms of clinical guidelines","volume":"318","author":"Woolf","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B107","author":"Anson","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b3779.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3779","article-title":"Researchers, like politicians, use \u201cspin\u201d in presenting their results, conference hears","volume":"339","author":"Chew","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B109","author":"Morlion","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.10.008","article-title":"Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain","volume":"10","author":"Chou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B111","author":"Executive Office of Health and Human Services, Massachusetts Department of Public Health Current Statistics","year":"2017"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B112","author":"Office of the Inspector General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B113","author":"DEA reduces amount of opioid controlled substances to be manufactured in 2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv076","article-title":"Medical judgments across the range of reported pain severity: Clinician and lay perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Tait","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B115","author":"Foreman","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.011","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and suicidal self-directed violence following clinician-initiated prescription opioid discontinuation among long-term opioid users","volume":"47","author":"Demidenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-014-0436-1","article-title":"The risk of suicide mortality in chronic pain patients","volume":"18","author":"Hassett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B118","author":"About antimicrobial resistance","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B119","author":"Nearly half a million Americans suffered from Clostridium difficile infections in a single year","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.115","article-title":"Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications","volume":"104","author":"Lanza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Coll Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626083843_pnx048-B121","author":"Interagency Pain Research Coordinating Committee"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/19\/4\/793\/25091856\/pnx048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T12:15:52Z","timestamp":1601640952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/19\/4\/793\/3583229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnx048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]]}}}