{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:51:13Z","timestamp":1792464673263,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective The increased use of opioids to treat chronic pain in the past 20\u2009years has led to a drastic increase in opioid prescribing in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s (CDC\u2019s) Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain recommends the use of nonopioid therapy as the preferred treatment for chronic pain. This study analyzes the prevalence of nonopioid prescribing among commercially insured patients with chronic pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design Data from the 2014 IBM\u00ae MarketScan\u00ae databases representing claims for commercially insured patients were used. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes were used to identify patients with chronic pain. Nonopioid prescriptions included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics\/antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen), anticonvulsants, and antidepressant medications. The prevalence of nonopioid and opioid prescriptions was calculated by age, sex, insurance plan type, presence of a depressive or seizure disorder, and region.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results In 2014, among patients with chronic pain, 16% filled only an opioid, 17% filled only a nonopioid prescription, and 28% filled both a nonopioid and an opioid. NSAIDs and antidepressants were the most commonly prescribed nonopioids among patients with chronic pain. Having prescriptions for only nonopioids was more common among patients aged 50\u201364\u2009years and among female patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions This study provides a baseline snapshot of nonopioid prescriptions before the release of the CDC Guideline and can be used to examine the impact of the CDC Guideline and other evidence-based guidelines on nonopioid use among commercially insured patients with chronic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T19:13:11Z","timestamp":1539630791000},"page":"1948-1954","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence of Nonopioid and Opioid Prescriptions Among Commercially Insured Patients with Chronic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Gabrielle F","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Analysis, Research, and Practice Integration"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Gery P","family":"Guy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A","family":"Mikosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Analysis, Research, and Practice Integration"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2019100908584379100_pny247-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181e74ede","article-title":"Pain management by primary care physicians, pain physicians, chiropractors, and acupuncturists: A national survey","volume":"103","author":"Breuer","year":"2010","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908584379100_pny247-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1109084","article-title":"Alleviating suffering 101\u2014pain relief in the United States","volume":"366","author":"Pizzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2019100908584379100_pny247-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1833","article-title":"Trends in long\u2010term opioid therapy for chronic non\u2010cancer pain","volume":"18","author":"Boudreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2019100908584379100_pny247-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6626a4","article-title":"Vital signs: Changes in opioid prescribing in the United States, 2006\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Guy","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"43","key":"2019100908584379100_pny247-B5","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Vital signs: Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers\u2014United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"60","author":"Paulozzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"15","key":"2019100908584379100_pny247-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1464","article-title":"CDC Guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain\u2014United States, 2016","volume":"315","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019100908584379100_pny247-B7"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/20\/10\/1948\/30101805\/pny247.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/20\/10\/1948\/30101805\/pny247.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T12:58:52Z","timestamp":1570625932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/20\/10\/1948\/5211340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pny247","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]}}}