{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:13:14Z","timestamp":1780571594480,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]],"date-time":"2019-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MFE-140934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MFE-140934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9","award":["FRQ-S; 30244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRQ-S; 30244"]}]},{"name":"R\u00e9seau de Recherche en Sciences Infirmi\u00e8res du Qu\u00e9bec"},{"name":"Quebec Pain Research Network"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective 1) To assess the feasibility of research methods to test a self-management intervention aimed at preventing acute to chronic pain transition in patients with major lower extremity trauma (iPACT-E-Trauma) and 2) to evaluate its potential effects at three and six months postinjury.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Design A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Setting A supraregional level 1 trauma center.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods Fifty-six adult patients were randomized. Participants received the intervention or an educational pamphlet. Several parameters were evaluated to determine the feasibility of the research methods. The potential efficacy of iPACT-E-Trauma was evaluated with measures of pain intensity and pain interference with activities.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results More than 80% of eligible patients agreed to participate, and an attrition rate of \u226418% was found. Less than 40% of screened patients were eligible, and obtaining baseline data took 48\u2009hours postadmission on average. Mean scores of mild pain intensity and pain interference with daily activities (&lt;4\/10) on average were obtained in both groups at three and six months postinjury. Between 20% and 30% of participants reported moderate to high mean scores (\u22654\/10) on these outcomes at the two follow-up time measures. The experimental group perceived greater considerable improvement in pain (60% in the experimental group vs 46% in the control group) at three months postinjury. Low mean scores of pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale score\u2009&lt;\u200930) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores\u2009\u2264\u200910) were obtained through the end of the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions Some challenges that need to be addressed in a future RCT include the small proportion of screened patients who were eligible and the selection of appropriate tools to measure the development of chronic pain. Studies will need to be conducted with patients presenting more serious injuries and psychological vulnerability or using a stepped screening approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T13:07:40Z","timestamp":1546952860000},"page":"2018-2032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Feasibility of a Hybrid Web-Based and In-Person Self-management Intervention Aimed at Preventing Acute to Chronic Pain Transition After Major Lower Extremity Trauma (iPACT-E-Trauma): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"M","family":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Research Center of the CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"G\u00e9linas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Feeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Nursing Research and Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Martorella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G Y","family":"Laflamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire du Nord de l\u2019\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D M","family":"Rouleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire du Nord de l\u2019\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Choini\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.07.011","article-title":"Development of chronic pain following severe accidental injury. Results of a 3-year follow-up study","volume":"66","author":"Jenewein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181962e29","article-title":"Predictors of moderate or severe pain 6 months after orthopaedic injury: A prospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Williamson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B3","article-title":"Cadre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence: Services Posthospitaliers en R\u00e9adaptation Fonctionnelle Intensive en Interne et Soins Subaigus Pour la R\u00e9gion de Montr\u00e9al","author":"Agence de la Sant\u00e9 et Des Services Sociaux de Montr\u00e9al","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318246bfe9","article-title":"Health status after traumatic injury","volume":"72","author":"Aitken","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.020","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain seven years following limb threatening lower extremity trauma","volume":"124","author":"Castillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.12.002","article-title":"Bio-psychosocial determinants of persistent pain 6 months after non-life-threatening acute orthopaedic trauma","volume":"11","author":"Clay","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00955.x","article-title":"Predictors of pain 12 months after serious injury","volume":"11","author":"Holmes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182452df5","article-title":"Pain and satisfaction in hospitalized trauma patients: The importance of self-efficacy and psychological distress","volume":"72","author":"Archer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2004.005850","article-title":"Lost working days, productivity, and restraint use among occupants of motor vehicles that crashed in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Ebel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-584","article-title":"Getting back to work after injury: The UK Burden of Injury multicentre longitudinal study","volume":"12","author":"Kendrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000195985.56153.68","article-title":"Early predictors of long-term work disability after major limb trauma","volume":"61","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12m08011","article-title":"Disability after injury: The cumulative burden of physical and mental health","volume":"74","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.11.001","article-title":"A preliminary RCT of a mind body skills based intervention addressing mood and coping strategies in patients with acute orthopaedic trauma","volume":"46","author":"Vranceanu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0183","article-title":"Efficacy of an early intervention for patients with acute temporomandibular disorder-related pain: A one-year outcome study","volume":"137","author":"Gatchel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"23","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199912010-00015","article-title":"The efficacy of a risk factor-based cognitive behavioral intervention and electromyographic biofeedback in patients with acute sciatic pain. An attempt to prevent chronicity","volume":"24","author":"Hasenbring","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"9476","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66696-2","article-title":"Comparison of physical treatments versus a brief pain-management programme for back pain in primary care: A randomised clinical trial in physiotherapy practice","volume":"365","author":"Hay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"21","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011010-00017","article-title":"Can chronic disability be prevented? A randomized trial of a cognitive-behavior intervention and two forms of information for patients with spinal pain","volume":"25","author":"Linton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00390-0","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral group intervention as prevention for persistent neck and back pain in a non-patient population: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Linton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200503000-00001","article-title":"The effects of cognitive-behavioral and physical therapy preventive interventions on pain-related sick leave: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Linton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.10.032","article-title":"Preventing progression to chronicity in first onset, subacute low back pain: An exploratory study","volume":"90","author":"Slater","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"23","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812010-00016","article-title":"A randomized trial of a lay person-led self-management group intervention for back pain patients in primary care","volume":"23","author":"Von Korff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/24740527.2017.1325317","article-title":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to manage pain and opioid use after major surgery: Preliminary outcomes from the Toronto General Hospital Transitional Pain Service","volume":"1","author":"Abid Azam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00314-6","article-title":"A randomized trial of a cognitive-behavioral program for enhancing back pain self care in a primary care setting","volume":"88","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S38878","article-title":"Systematic review of persistent pain and psychological outcomes following traumatic musculoskeletal injury","volume":"6","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000580","article-title":"Predicting pain outcomes after traumatic musculoskeletal injury","volume":"157","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/935194","article-title":"A systematic review of early prognostic factors for persisting pain following acute orthopedic trauma","volume":"17","author":"Clay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000224124.47646.62","article-title":"Determinants of long-term functional consequences after major trauma","volume":"62","author":"Holtslag","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.09.002","article-title":"Functional outcome after road-crash injury: Description of the ESPARR victims cohort and 6-month follow-up results","volume":"42","author":"Hours","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2007.61","article-title":"Prevalence of pain in patients 1 year after major trauma","volume":"143","author":"Rivara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000112342.40296.1F","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of disabilities and return to work after major trauma","volume":"58","author":"Vles","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035747","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with chronic pain: Efficacy, innovations, and directions for research","volume":"69","author":"Ehde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035641","article-title":"Contributions of psychology to the understanding and treatment of people with chronic pain: Why it matters to ALL psychologists","volume":"69","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B33","volume-title":"Chronic Pain: An Integrated Biobehavioral Perspective","author":"Flor","year":"2011"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-443-07287-6\/50027-8","article-title":"The cognitive-behavioral approach to pain management","volume-title":"Wall and Melzack\u2019s Textbook of Pain","author":"Turk","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B35","first-page":"255","article-title":"Delineation of Self-Care and Associated Concepts","volume":"43","author":"Richard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholar"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.7949","article-title":"A hybrid web-based and in-person self-management Intervention to Prevent Acute to Chronic Pain Transition After Major Lower Extremity Trauma (iPACT-E-Trauma): Protocol for a pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B37","first-page":"671","article-title":"Development and acceptability assessment of a self-management intervention to prevent acute to chronic pain transition after major lower extremity trauma","volume-title":"Pain Manag Nurs","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Psychological therapies (Internet-delivered) for the management of chronic pain in adults","author":"Eccleston","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010152"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2070","article-title":"Web-based nursing intervention for self- management of pain after cardiac surgery: Pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Martorella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2013.768727","article-title":"Meta-analysis of web-delivered tailored health behavior change interventions","volume":"18","author":"Lustria","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10323","DOI":"10.2196\/10323","article-title":"A hybrid web-based and in-person self-management intervention aimed at preventing acute to chronic pain transition after Major Lower Extremity trauma: Feasibility and acceptability of iPACT-E-Trauma","volume":"2","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118785553","volume-title":"Design, Evaluation, and Translation of Nursing Interventions","author":"Sidani","year":"2011"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i5239","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5239","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: Extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials","volume":"355","author":"Eldridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer195","article-title":"Determination of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain on the numeric rating scale: A cut-off point analysis applying four different methods","volume":"107","author":"Gerbershagen","year":"2011","journal-title":"B J Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000191","article-title":"Research design considerations for chronic pain prevention clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"156","author":"Gewandter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-015-0091-5","article-title":"Treatments for blunt chest trauma and their impact on patient outcomes and health service delivery","volume":"23","author":"Unsworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31828866b3","article-title":"Pain intensity on the first day after surgery: A prospective cohort study comparing 179 surgical procedures","volume":"118","author":"Gerbershagen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"7872","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","article-title":"Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale","volume":"2","author":"Teasdale","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/NCN.0b013e3181f9dc02","article-title":"A nursing virtual intervention: Real-time support for managing antiretroviral therapy","volume":"29","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/NXN.0b013e3182812d69","article-title":"SOULAGE-TAVIE: Development and validation of a virtual nursing intervention to promote self-management of postoperative pain after cardiac surgery","volume":"31","author":"Martorella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B51","volume-title":"Nursing Research: Principles and Methods","author":"Polit","year":"1995"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B52","article-title":"The Brief Pain Inventory User Guide","volume-title":"The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center","author":"Cleeland","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00178-H","article-title":"When is cancer pain mild, moderate or severe? Grading pain severity by its interference with function","volume":"61","author":"Serlin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.09.031","article-title":"Validation of the French version of the Brief Pain Inventory in Canadian veterans suffering from traumatic stress","volume":"33","author":"Poundja","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.12.008","article-title":"The pain self-efficacy questionnaire: Taking pain into account","volume":"11","author":"Nicholas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Analyse pr\u00e9liminaire des qualit\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques de la version Fran\u00e7aise du Questionnaire d\u2019Auto-Efficacit\u00e9 envers la Douleur","author":"Aguerre","DOI":"10.1016\/j.douler.2012.08.257"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.12.016","article-title":"Validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) in an Internet sample and development and preliminary validation of the CPAQ-8","volume":"149","author":"Fish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","article-title":"The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation","volume":"7","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychological Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087255","article-title":"PCS-CF: A French-language, French-Canadian adaptation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale","volume":"37","author":"French","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Behav Sci"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B60","first-page":"35","article-title":"Kinesiophobia: A new view of chronic pain behaviour","volume":"3","author":"Kori","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087152","article-title":"Peur du mouvement chez des accidentes du travail: L'Echelle de Kinesiophobie de Tampa (EKT)","volume":"34","author":"French","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Behav Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa7103_5","article-title":"Evaluating anxiety and depression in HIV-infected patients","volume":"71","author":"Savard","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.10.029","article-title":"A psychometric evaluation of the French Canadian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in a large primary care population","volume":"147","author":"Roberge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","article-title":"The injury severity score: A method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care","volume":"14","author":"Baker","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B66","first-page":"13","article-title":"Major trauma and the Injury Severity Score - where should we set the bar?","volume":"51","author":"Palmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automat Med"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B67","volume-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology (DHEW Publication No. ADM 76\u2013338)","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1179\/jmt.2009.17.3.163","article-title":"Global rating of change scales: A review of strengths and weaknesses and considerations for design","volume":"17","author":"Kamper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Man Manip Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"Ware","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B70","first-page":"224","article-title":"Readying a US measure of health status, the SF-36, for use in Canada","volume":"20","author":"Dauphinee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.010","article-title":"Comparison of pain syndromes associated with nervous or somatic lesions and development of a new neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4)","volume":"114","author":"Bouhassira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","article-title":"The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Blevins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5) in veterans","volume":"28","author":"Bovin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.09.002","article-title":"Sample size calculations for pilot randomized trials: A confidence interval approach","volume":"66","author":"Cocks","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B75","first-page":"CD011259","article-title":"Psychological therapies for the management of chronic neuropathic pain in adults","volume":"10","author":"Eccleston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B76","first-page":"CD007407","article-title":"Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bpi045","article-title":"Treatment integrity and therapeutic change: Issues and research recommendations","volume":"12","author":"Perepletchikova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00279-N","article-title":"Fear of movement\/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance","volume":"62","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B79","unstructured":"Sullivan\n              MJ\n            \n          .\nThe Pain Catastrophizing Scale: User manual. 2009. Available at:http:\/\/sullivan-painresearch.mcgill.ca\/pdf\/pcs\/PCSManual_English.pdf. Accessed July 15, 2015."},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B80","volume-title":"User\u2019s Manual for the SF-12v2 Health Survey","author":"Maruish","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010399","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010399","article-title":"Impact of high ambient temperature on unintentional injuries in high-income countries: A narrative systematic literature review","volume":"6","author":"Otte im Kampe","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2016.0040","article-title":"Temporal variation in major trauma admissions","volume":"98","author":"Kieffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B83","volume-title":"Statistics for the H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-Coeur de Montr\u00e9al","author":"Quebec Trauma Registry","year":"2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23040","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023040","article-title":"Randomised controlled feasibility trial of an evidence-informed behavioural intervention for obese adults with additional risk factors","volume":"6","author":"Sniehotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.07.033","article-title":"When does pain matter? Acknowledging the subjectivity of clinical significance","volume":"153","author":"Birnie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B86","unstructured":"US Health and Human Services, Interagency Pain Research Coordinating Committee.\nNational Pain Strategy: A Comprehensive Population Health-Level Strategy for Pain. Washington, DC: US Health and Human Services; 2016. Available at:https:\/\/iprcc.nih.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/HHSNational_Pain_Strategy_508C.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2017."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.06.009","article-title":"United States national pain strategy for population research: Concepts, definitions, and pilot data","volume":"17","author":"Von Korff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults - United States, 2016","volume":"67","author":"Center for Disease Control","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B89","first-page":"7203218","article-title":"Early factors associated with the development of chronic pain in trauma patients","author":"Daoust","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B90","first-page":"38","article-title":"Pain-related fear, catastrophizing and pain in the recovery from a fracture","author":"Linton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"issue":"36","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1498","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001498","article-title":"Subacute pain as a predictor of long-term pain following orthopedic surgery","volume":"94","author":"Veal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Prevalence and profile of high-impact chronic pain in the United States","author":"Pitcher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.07.006"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B93","first-page":"2320","article-title":"Research bias: A review for medical students","volume":"4","author":"Krishna","year":"2010","journal-title":"JCDR"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2005.00568.x","article-title":"Cluster randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Puffer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-128","article-title":"Brief psychosocial education, not core stabilization, reduced incidence of low back pain: Results from the Prevention of Low Back Pain in the Military (POLM) cluster randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"George","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.01.006","article-title":"Improvement of pain-related self-management for cancer patients through a modular transitional nursing intervention: A cluster-randomized multicenter trial","volume":"155","author":"Jahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0501-x","article-title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a health coaching intervention to improve the lifestyle of patients with knee osteoarthritis: Cluster randomized clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Carmona-Teres","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001268","article-title":"Cognitive patient education for low back pain in primary care: A cluster randomized controlled trial and cost- effectiveness analysis","volume":"41","author":"Werner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308548","article-title":"Brief intervention for medication-overuse headache in primary care. The BIMOH study: A double-blind pragmatic cluster randomised parallel controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.009","article-title":"The effectiveness of the Pain Resource Nurse Program to improve pain management in the hospital setting: A cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"75","author":"Gunnarsdottir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2007.00171.x","article-title":"Design of control-group conditions in clinical trials of behavioral interventions","volume":"39","author":"Lindquist","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.0.0115","article-title":"The placebo effect: Illness and interpersonal healing","volume":"52","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00839-8","article-title":"Placebos, active control groups, and the unpredictability paradox","volume":"47","author":"Mattocks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003974.pub3","article-title":"Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions","author":"Hrobjartsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019100908585052500_pnz008-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-9-1","article-title":"Spontaneous improvement in randomised clinical trials: Meta-analysis of three-armed trials comparing no treatment, placebo and active intersention","volume":"9","author":"Krogsboll","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/20\/10\/2018\/30101703\/pnz008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/20\/10\/2018\/30101703\/pnz008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T09:00:36Z","timestamp":1570611636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/20\/10\/2018\/5370334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnz008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]}}}