{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:00:57Z","timestamp":1771257657441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research","award":["PT110575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT110575"]}]},{"name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research","award":["W81XWH-15\u20132-0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-15\u20132-0046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine if the perioperative administration of valproic acid reduces the incidence of chronic pain three months after amputation or revision surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Academic, military, and veteran medical centers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred twenty-eight patients undergoing amputation or amputation revision surgery at Duke University Hospital, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, or the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center for either medical disease or trauma.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients were randomized to placebo or valproic acid for the duration of hospitalization and treated with multimodal analgesic care, including regional anesthetic blockade. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with chronic pain at three months (average numeric pain score intensity of 3\/10 or greater). Secondary outcomes included functional trajectories (assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory short form and the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The overall rate of chronic pain was 68.2% in the 107 patients who completed the end point assessment. There was no significant effect of perioperative valproic acid administration, with a rate of 65.45% (N\u2009=\u200936) in the treatment group and a rate of 71.15% (N\u2009=\u200937) in the placebo group. Overall, pain scores decreased from baseline to follow-up (median = \u20132 on the numeric pain scale). Patients additionally experienced improvements in self-perceived function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rate of chronic pain after amputation surgery is not significantly improved with the perioperative administration of valproic acid. In this cohort treated with multimodal perioperative analgesia and regional anesthetic blockade, we observed improvements in both pain severity and function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T23:17:06Z","timestamp":1551741426000},"page":"2004-2017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Impact of Surgical Amputation and Valproic Acid on Pain and Functional Trajectory: Results from the Veterans Integrated Pain Evaluation Research (VIPER) Randomized, Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Buchheit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Lun John","family":"Hsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Cooter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Shortell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"McDuffie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chester \u201cTrip\u201d","family":"Buckenmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Military Emergency Medicine, Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Van de Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050","volume":"89","author":"Ziegler-Graham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.01.0009","article-title":"Servicemembers and veterans with major traumatic limb loss from Vietnam War and OIF\/OEF conflicts: Survey methods, participants, and summary findings","volume":"47","author":"Reiber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.1.107","article-title":"Phantom limb pain","volume":"87","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.031","article-title":"Phantom pain, residual limb pain, and back pain in amputees: Results of a national survey","volume":"86","author":"Ephraim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B5","author":"Fischer","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B6","first-page":"504","article-title":"Perioperative pain management strategies for amputation: A topical review","volume":"18","author":"Kent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.12.001","article-title":"Amputation: Not a failure for severe lower extremity combat injury","volume":"48","author":"van Dongen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.05.022","article-title":"Is amputation a viable treatment option in lower extremity trauma?","volume":"103","author":"Barla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640017694722","article-title":"Patients with diabetic foot disease fear major lower-extremity amputation more than death","volume":"11","author":"Wukich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(03)00071-8","article-title":"Military lower extremity amputee rehabilitation","volume":"13","author":"Hermes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N AM"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200611000-00023","article-title":"A randomized study of the effects of gabapentin on postamputation pain","volume":"105","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0403200305","article-title":"Perioperative intravenous ketamine infusion for the prevention of persistent post-amputation pain: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Hayes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00456-6","article-title":"Efficacy of the NMDA-receptor antagonist memantine in patients with chronic phantom limb pain\u2014results of a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Maier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200216100-00004","article-title":"Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of valproate: A summary after 35 years of clinical experience","volume":"16","author":"Perucca","year":"2002","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"20","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182166ebe","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: Report of the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"76","author":"Bril","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.12.018","article-title":"Management of diabetic neuropathy by sodium valproate and glyceryl trinitrate spray: A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"83","author":"Agrawal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90202-X","article-title":"Valproic acid suppresses the synaptic response mediated by the NMDA receptors in rat amygdalar slices","volume":"33","author":"Gean","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200623110-00003","article-title":"Divalproex sodium for the treatment of behavioural problems associated with dementia in the elderly","volume":"23","author":"Porsteinsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2442","article-title":"Epigenetic suppression of GAD65 expression mediates persistent pain","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep472","article-title":"Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, reduces lesion growth and hyperalgesia in experimentally induced endometriosis in mice","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.054346","article-title":"Epigenetic modulation of mGlu2 receptors by histone deacetylase inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory pain","volume":"75","author":"Chiechio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2005.05.008","article-title":"Analgesic effects of the selective group II (mGlu2\/3) metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists LY379268 and LY389795 in persistent and inflammatory pain models after acute and repeated dosing","volume":"49","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51.","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-6-51","article-title":"Inhibition of class II histone deacetylases in the spinal cord attenuates inflammatory hyperalgesia","volume":"6","author":"Bai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4676","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700529104","article-title":"Histone hyperacetylation induces demethylation of reelin and 67-kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase promoters","volume":"104","author":"Dong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.3892\/or_00001026","article-title":"Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, augments the expression of cell-surface NKG2D ligands, MICA\/B, without increasing their soluble forms to enhance susceptibility of human osteosarcoma cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"24","author":"Yamanegi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"36","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8209","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1951-05.2005","article-title":"Reelin modulates NMDA receptor activity in cortical neurons","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03040.x","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors decrease reelin promoter methylation in vitro","volume":"93","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.01.042","article-title":"Absence of reelin results in altered nociception and aberrant neuronal positioning in the dorsal spinal cord","volume":"139","author":"Villeda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004","article-title":"Preamputation pain and acute pain predict chronic pain after lower extremity amputation","volume":"8","author":"Hanley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00061-4","article-title":"The influence of preamputation pain on postamputation stump and phantom pain","volume":"72","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000150","article-title":"Preoperative state anxiety, acute postoperative pain, and analgesic use in persons undergoing lower limb amputation","volume":"31","author":"Raichle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01494.x","article-title":"Phantom limb pain in daily practice\u2014still a lot of work to do!","volume":"13","author":"Kern","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.04.011","article-title":"Mobility changes in individuals with dysvascular amputation from the presurgical period to 12 months postamputation","volume":"93","author":"Czerniecki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200409000-00005","article-title":"Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain","volume":"20","author":"Keller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01516.x","article-title":"Preliminary validation of the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) in a military population","volume":"14","author":"Buckenmaier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00511-0","article-title":"Phantom pain and health-related quality of life in lower limb amputees","volume":"24","author":"van der Schans","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.11.007","article-title":"The S-LANSS score for identifying pain of predominantly neuropathic origin: Validation for use in clinical and postal research","volume":"6","author":"Bennett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318261c9f9","article-title":"Residual limb pain is not a diagnosis: A proposed algorithm to classify postamputation pain","volume":"29","author":"Clarke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.030","article-title":"Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the \u201cBudapest Criteria\u201d) for complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Harden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B40","first-page":"149","article-title":"Pain phenotypes and associated clinical risk factors following traumatic amputation: Results from Veterans Integrated Pain Evaluation Research (VIPER","volume":"17","author":"Buchheit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.07.027","article-title":"Major lower extremity amputations at a Veterans Affairs hospital","volume":"186","author":"Cruz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.04.015","article-title":"Preoperative clinical factors predict postoperative functional outcomes after major lower limb amputation: An analysis of 553 consecutive patients","volume":"42","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(02)04952-3","article-title":"Physical, mental, and social predictors of functional outcome in unilateral lower-limb amputees","volume":"84","author":"Schoppen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.111006271.x","article-title":"Divalproex in the long-term treatment of chronic daily headache","volume":"41","author":"Freitag","year":"2001","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2165\/11310970-000000000-00000","article-title":"Role of antiepileptic drugs as preventive agents for migraine","volume":"24","author":"Vikelis","year":"2010","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000181289.09675.7D","article-title":"Does continuous peripheral nerve block provide superior pain control to opioids? A meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Richman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181f4e848","article-title":"The use of prolonged peripheral neural blockade after lower extremity amputation: The effect on symptoms associated with phantom limb syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Borghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2010.03.026","article-title":"Pre-emptive analgesia for chronic limb pain after amputation for peripheral vascular disease: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Ypsilantis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"9088","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)06315-0","article-title":"Randomised trial of epidural bupivacaine and morphine in prevention of stump and phantom pain in lower-limb amputation","volume":"350","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019100908590217500_pnz067-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199610000-00007","article-title":"Continuous postoperative infusion of a regional anesthetic after an amputation of the lower extremity. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Pinzur","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/20\/10\/2004\/30101722\/pnz067.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article-pdf\/20\/10\/2004\/30101722\/pnz067.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T09:00:55Z","timestamp":1570611655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/painmedicine\/article\/20\/10\/2004\/5482551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnz067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-2375","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]}}}