{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:48:46Z","timestamp":1792082926794,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative spinal condition affecting nearly 50% of patients presenting with lower back pain. The goal of this review is to present and summarize the current data on how LSS presents in various populations, how it is diagnosed, and current therapeutic strategies. Properly understanding the prevalence, presentation, and treatment options for individuals suffering from LSS is critical to providing patients the best possible care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of LSS is associated with advanced age. In elderly patients, LSS can be challenging to identify due to the wide variety of presentation subtleties and common comorbidities such as degenerative disc disease. Recent developments in imaging techniques can be useful in accurately identifying the precise location of the spinal compression. Treatment options can range from conservative to surgical, with the latter being reserved for when patients have neurological compromise or conservative measures have failed. Once warranted, there are several surgical techniques at the physician\u2019s disposal to best treat each individual case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T11:14:08Z","timestamp":1562066048000},"page":"S32-S44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["A Review of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Intermittent Neurogenic Claudication: Disease and Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Timothy","family":"Deer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, West Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawood","family":"Sayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Michels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Spine and Pain, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Josephson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pain Management Center, Hamilton, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Premier Pain Centers, Shrewsbury, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron K","family":"Calodney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Spine Care, Texas Spine and Joint Hospital, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-190001000-00001","article-title":"Progressive ankylotic rigidity of the spine (spondylose rhizomelique)","volume":"27","author":"Sachs","year":"1900","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01644422","article-title":"Stenosis of the lumbar vertebral canal and sciatica","volume":"3","author":"Verbiest","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B3","article-title":"Disability evaluation under social security","volume":"70","author":"Social Security Administration","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Secur Bull"},{"key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B4","first-page":"82","article-title":"The natural history of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"279","author":"Ke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B5","first-page":"183","article-title":"Contemporary management of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"41","author":"Djurasovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthopedic Clinics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.273065055","article-title":"Complications of spinal instrumentation","volume":"27","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/970752","article-title":"Lumbar degenerative disc disease: Current and future concepts of diagnosis and management","volume":"2012","author":"Taher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"issue":"3S","key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw081","article-title":"Bending the cost curve\u2014establishing value in spine surgery","volume":"80","author":"Parker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90048-X","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis: A review of current concepts in evaluation, management, and outcome measurements","volume":"79","author":"Fritz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020032715345752300_pnz161-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-87-3-117","article-title":"Spinal stenosis. 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