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This cone-related dysfunction can lead to impairment of daily life activities, and ultimately blindness in patients with RP. Paradoxically, microglial neuroinflammation contributes to both protection against and progression of RP, but it is unclear which population(s)\u2014\u2009tissue-resident microglia and\/or peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages (m\u03c6)\u2014\u2009are implicated in the progression of the disease. Here, we show that circulating blood inflammatory monocytes (IMo) are key effector cells that mediate cone cell death in RP. Attenuation of IMo and peripherally engrafted m\u03c6 by Ccl2 deficiency or immune modulation via intravenous nanoparticle treatment suppressed cone cell death in rd10 mice, an animal model of RP. In contrast, the depletion of resident microglia by a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor exacerbated cone cell death in the same model. In human patients with RP, IMo was increased and correlated with disease progression. These results suggest that peripheral IMo is a potential target to delay cone cell death and prevent blindness in RP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T13:12:50Z","timestamp":1646226770000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Circulating inflammatory monocytes oppose microglia and contribute to cone cell death in retinitis pigmentosa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7418-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Funatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 812-8582 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3761-1732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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