{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:35:12Z","timestamp":1778546112374,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI1722A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1722A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI2005A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI2005A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Until recently, it was assumed that members of the family Bornaviridae could not induce severe disease in humans. Today, however, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), as well as the more recently emerged variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1), are known as causative agents of lethal encephalitis in humans. In order to establish animal models reflecting the pathogenesis in humans and for countermeasure efficacy testing, we infected twelve rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) either with VSBV-1 or with BoDV-1. For each virus, three monkeys each were inoculated with 2\u00a0\u00d7 104 focus forming units by the intracerebral route or by multiple peripheral routes (intranasal, conjunctival, intramuscular, and subcutaneous; same dose in total). All BoDV-1 and VSBV-1 intracerebrally infected monkeys developed severe neurological signs around 5 to 6 or 8 to 12 weeks postinfection, respectively. Focal myoclonus and tremors were the most prominent observations in BoDV-1 and VSBV-1-infected animals. VSBV-1-infected animals also showed behavioral changes. Only one BoDV-1 peripherally infected animal developed similar disease manifestations. All animals with severe clinical disease showed high viral loads in brain tissues and displayed perivascular mononuclear cuffs with a predominance of lymphocytes and similar meningeal inflammatory infiltrates. In summary, rhesus macaques intracerebrally infected with mammalian bornaviruses develop a human-like disease and may serve as surrogate models for human bornavirus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T17:23:20Z","timestamp":1654709000000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development of a nonhuman primate model for mammalian bornavirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Kore","family":"Schlottau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , S\u00fcdufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National 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Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"H\u00f6per","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , S\u00fcdufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Herden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t, Institute of Veterinary Pathology , 35390 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT 59840, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donata","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic Virology, 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