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Although shipping emissions contribute significantly to air quality and climate change, their trade-governed dynamics remain less explored due to the lack of observational evidence. Here, we use satellite measurements to capture the redistribution of shipping nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from Shanghai port, the world\u2019s busiest port, during a natural experiment posted by the localized COVID-19 lockdown in 2022. Viewing the ports as nodes in a network linked by ship journeys, we quantify a lockdown-induced \u221242% reduction in shipping NOx emissions for Shanghai port. We further identify an emission transfer to its neighboring connected ports, confirmed by comprehensive vessel activity observations. Our study highlights the socioeconomic drivers of shipping emissions, which may add additional layers of complexity to air quality management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T13:42:54Z","timestamp":1699969374000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Observing network effect of shipping emissions from space: A natural experiment in the world\u2019s busiest port"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4063-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzung-May","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area , Shenzhen 518055 , China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9173-1188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area , Shenzhen 518055 , China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3919-3095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area , Shenzhen 518055 , China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023113005063650800_pgad391-B1","article-title":"Review of Maritime Transport 2022. 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