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Therefore, treatment with appropriate regulation may improve the blastocyst implantation ability. This study demonstrated that the combination of l-arginine (Arg) and l-leucine (Leu) exerts distinct effects on IVF-derived mouse blastocysts. Arg with Leu promotes blastocyst implantation, whereas Arg alone decreases the blastocyst ability. Integrin \u03b15\u03b21 expression was increased in blastocysts treated with Arg and Leu. Arg with Leu also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and showed a positive correlation with integrin \u03b15\u03b21. Ascorbic acid, an antioxidant, decreased ROS and integrin \u03b15\u03b21 levels, which were elevated by Arg with Leu. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial membrane potential (\u0394\u03a8m) in blastocysts did not differ between treatments. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is involved in ROS scavenging using glutathione (GSH) as a reductant. Arg with Leu decreased GPx4 and GSH levels in blastocysts, and blastocysts with higher ROS levels had lower GPx4 and GSH levels. In contrast, Arg alone increased the percentage of caspase-positive cells, indicating that Arg alone, which attenuated implantation ability, was associated with apoptosis. This study revealed that elevated ROS levels induced by Arg with Leu stimulated integrin \u03b15\u03b21 expression, thereby enhancing implantation capacity. Our results also suggest that ROS were not due to increased production by oxidative phosphorylation, but rather to a reduction in ROS degradation due to diminished GPx4 and GSH levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T20:46:01Z","timestamp":1710276361000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Arginine with leucine drives reactive oxygen species-mediated integrin \u03b15\u03b21 expression and promotes implantation in mouse blastocysts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Momoka","family":"Nakazato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Division of Animal Science, Department of Agrobiology and Bioresources, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505 , 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