{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:59:40Z","timestamp":1791331180950,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008227","name":"ARCS Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008367","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHY-1066293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHY-1066293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Georgetown Interdisciplinary Chair in Science Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The ability of microbes to attach to biological and inert substrates is a necessary prerequisite for colonization of new habitats. In contrast to well-characterized mechanisms that rely on specific or nonspecific chemical interactions between microbe and substrate, we describe here an effective hydrodynamic mechanism of attachment that relies on fluid flow generated by the microbe. The microbe Giardia lamblia, a flagellated protozoan parasite, naturally attaches to the microvilliated surface of the small intestine but is also capable of attaching indiscriminately to a wide range of natural and artificial substrates. By tracking fluorescent quantum dots, we demonstrate a persistent flow between the parasite and substrate generated by a pair of Giardia flagella. Using both experimental measures and computational modeling, we show that the negative pressure generated by this fluid flow is sufficient to generate the previously measured force of attachment. We further show that this dynamically generated negative pressure allows Giardia to attach to both solid and porous surfaces, thereby meeting the real-world demands of attachment to the microvilliated surface of intestinal cells. These findings provide experimental support for a hydrodynamic model of attachment that may be shared by other ciliated and flagellated microbes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T01:29:07Z","timestamp":1733880547000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A novel mechanism of microbial attachment: The flagellar pump of <i>Giardia lamblia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2025-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore J","family":"Picou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9334-0849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Polackwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz B","family":"Gabilondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5338-7611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan G","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3432-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Department of Physics, Brown University , Providence, RI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7024-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi G","family":"Elmendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey S","family":"Urbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University , Washington, DC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024122016475021600_pgae545-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000169","article-title":"Tonic shock induces detachment of Giardia lamblia","volume":"2","author":"Hansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024122016475021600_pgae545-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0002222","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00022-22","article-title":"High definition DIC imaging uncovers transient stages of pathogen infection cycles on the surface of human adult stem cell-derived intestinal epithelium","volume":"13","author":"van Rijn","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024122016475021600_pgae545-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000056821","article-title":"Giardia and giardiasis. 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