{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:02:35Z","timestamp":1788786155117,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovate UK Biomedical Catalyst","award":["PA2131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA2131"]}]},{"name":"US Army Foreign Technology (and Science) Assessment Support (FTAS) program","award":["W911QY-20-R-0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911QY-20-R-0022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/R010242\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R010242\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"General Electric Healthcare, and the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/L016702\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/L016702\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Doctoral Training Partnership","award":["2177734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2177734"]}]},{"name":"EPSRC Doctoral Training Partnership","award":["1846144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1846144"]}]},{"name":"Imperial College Centre for Plastic Electronics and the EPSRC Plastic Electronics Doctoral Training Centre","award":["EP\/G037515\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/G037515\/1"]}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blood sampling, despite its historical significance in clinical diagnostics, poses challenges, such as invasiveness, infection risks, and limited temporal fidelity for continuous monitoring. In contrast, exhaled breath offers a noninvasive, pain-free, and continuous sampling method, carrying biochemical information through volatile compounds like ammonia (NH3). NH3 in exhaled breath, influenced by kidney function, emerges as a promising biomarker for renal health assessment, particularly in resource-limited settings lacking extensive healthcare infrastructure. Current analytical methods for breath NH3, though effective, often face practical limitations. In this work, we introduce a low-cost, internet-connected, paper-based wearable device for measuring exhaled NH3, designed for early detection of kidney dysfunction at the point of need. The device, which attaches to disposable face masks, utilizes an array of disposable paper-based sensors to detect NH3 with the readout being changes in electrical impedance that correlate with the concentration of NH3. The sensor array is housed in a biodegradable plastic enclosure to mitigate high relative humidity issues in breath analysis. We validated our technology using a laboratory setup and human subjects who consumed ammonium chloride-containing candy to simulate elevated breath NH3. Our wearable sensor offers a promising solution for rapid, point-of-need kidney dysfunction screening, particularly valuable in resource-limited settings. This approach has potential applications beyond kidney health monitoring, including chemical industry safety and environmental sensing, paving the way for accessible, continuous health monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgaf116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T03:04:01Z","timestamp":1744686241000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Wearable face mask-attached disposable printed sensor arrays for point-of-need monitoring of alkaline gases in breath"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Giandrin","family":"Barandun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"BlakBear Ltd , 185 Tower Bridge Rd, London SE1 2UF ,","place":["United 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College London , London SW7 2AZ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"BlakBear Ltd , 185 Tower Bridge Rd, London SE1 2UF ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kasimatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"BlakBear Ltd , 185 Tower Bridge Rd, London SE1 2UF ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2512-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy B","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London W12 0HS ,","place":["United 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