{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:52:05Z","timestamp":1793397125628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32573315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32573315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32372965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32372965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parental environmental exposures can induce transgenerational effects through epigenetic modifications in germ cells. Although paternal immune activation is implicated in transgenerational metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders, the germline-encoded molecular vectors mediating this inheritance remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide-induced immune activation dynamically upregulated the abundance of 28S ribosomal RNA-derived small RNAs (28S-rsRNAs) in mouse sperm in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, epididymal sperm maturation exhibited heightened susceptibility to acute immune perturbations compared with spermatogenic processes, and 28S-rsRNAs were selectively incorporated during their transit through the caput epididymis. Strikingly, zygotic microinjection of synthetic 28S-rsRNAs recapitulated paternal immune activation phenotypes, resulting in offspring exhibiting metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes, including obesity and impaired insulin sensitivity. Concurrently, these manipulated offspring displayed neurobehavioral abnormalities characterized by heightened anxiety-like and aggressive behaviors, accompanied by hippocampal transcriptomic alterations. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that sperm 28S-rsRNAs contribute to paternal immune activation-mediated programming of offspring behavioral and metabolic phenotypes and provide mechanistic insights into environment-germline interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgaf381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:21:08Z","timestamp":1768310468000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Paternal immune activation-induced alteration of 28S rRNA-derived small RNAs in sperm reprograms offspring phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Chenxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , NO.1 Weigang, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095 ,","place":["PR 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