{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:00:47Z","timestamp":1777528847286,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005945","name":"Hirosaki University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The lymphocyte culture method for chromosomal aberration analysis was established in the 1960s, and culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) have been routinely used. However, issues such as lot-to-lot variability, potential contamination risks, and the growing demand for animal-origin-free (AOF) systems have created a need for reliable alternatives. This study evaluated the suitability of serum-free culture media for human peripheral blood chromosome analysis under both clinical-cytogenetic and cytogenetic biodosimetry settings, including the dicentric chromosome (Dic) assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay. Cell proliferation markers of mitotic index (MI), binucleated cell frequency, and chromosomal aberration frequencies were compared between conventional RPMI 1640 medium and human plasma-like medium, each tested with or without FBS supplementation in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blood cultures. Serum-free media demonstrated significantly higher MI values than in RPMI 1640\u2013containing FBS, suggesting that serum supplementation may inhibit cell-cycle progression in 48- and 72-h cultures. While MI increased, the frequencies of Dics and MNs in serum-free conditions were not significantly different from those observed in serum-supplemented cultures. These findings indicate that serum supplementation may not be essential for blood culture media in human peripheral blood chromosome analysis, supporting the transition toward serum-free and AOF systems in cytogenetic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgag120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T12:22:04Z","timestamp":1776255724000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Animal-origin-free culture improves mitotic response for chromosome aberration analysis of human peripheral blood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5053-3276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Fujishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6716-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donovan","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of International Cooperation and Collaborative Research, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shara","family":"Kamakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renya","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Tsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Okimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie Swee Ting","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Institute, National University of Singapore , 16 Prince George's Park, Singapore 118415 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-2134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomisato","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B1","first-page":"462","article-title":"Phytohemagglutinin: an initiator of mitosis in cultures of normal human leukocytes","volume":"20","author":"Nowell","year":"1960","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(60)90138-5","article-title":"Chromosome preparations of leukocytes cultured from human peripheral blood","volume":"20","author":"Moorhead","year":"1960","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B3","first-page":"4.1.1","article-title":"Metaphase chromosome preparation from cultured peripheral blood cells","volume":"45","author":"Bangs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B4","first-page":"29","volume-title":"The AGT cytogenetics laboratory manual","author":"Lawce","year":"2017","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.108.6.945","article-title":"Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. III. Long-term cultivation of euploid cells from human and animal subjects","volume":"108","author":"Puck","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02810081","article-title":"Relationship between in vitro growth promotion and biophysical and biochemical properties of the serum supplement","volume":"18","author":"Price","year":"1982","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1021\/bp060121o","article-title":"Proteomic analysis for the assessment of different lots of fetal bovine serum as a raw material for cell culture. Part IV. Application of proteomics to the manufacture of biological drugs","volume":"22","author":"Zheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biotechnol Prog"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/537433a","article-title":"Reproducibility: respect your cells!","volume":"537","author":"Baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29060-7","article-title":"Fetal bovine serum, an important factor affecting the reproducibility of cell experiments","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026042812365424600_pgag120-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2011.08.003","article-title":"Evaluation of the human host range of bovine and porcine viruses that may contaminate bovine serum and porcine trypsin used in the manufacture of biological 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