{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:43:06Z","timestamp":1771551786662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1186","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"School Strategic Grants","award":["STG-000131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STG-000131"]}]},{"name":"School Strategic Grants","award":["STG-000149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STG-000149"]}]},{"name":"School Strategic Grants","award":["I-M010-STG-000209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I-M010-STG-000209"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021809","name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010699","name":"Monash University Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The microbes in the gut are crucial for maintaining the body\u2019s immune system and overall gut health. However, it is not fully understood how an unstable gut environment can lead to more severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The gut microbiota also plays a role in the gut-brain axis and interacts with the central nervous system through metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways. The interaction between the microbiota and the host\u2019s body involves hormonal, immune, and neural pathways, and any disruption in the balance of gut bacteria can lead to dysbiosis, which contributes to pathogen growth. In this context, we discuss how dysbiosis could contribute to comorbidities that increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation have successfully treated infectious and non-infectious inflammatory-related diseases, the most common comorbidities. These treatments could be adjuvant therapies for COVID-19 infection by restoring gut homeostasis and balancing the gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgae030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T07:09:54Z","timestamp":1710659394000},"page":"539-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Crosstalk between COVID-19 and the gut-brain axis: a gut feeling"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Nida","family":"Kalam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia , Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinod R M T","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia , Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k2179","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2179","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health","volume":"361","author":"Valdes","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2018.12.012","article-title":"Revisit gut microbiota and its impact on human health and disease","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Food Drug Anal"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01835","article-title":"The human gut microbiome - a potential controller of wellness and disease","volume":"9","author":"Kho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.23362","article-title":"The gut microbiota and mucosal homeostasis: colonized at birth or at adulthood, does it matter?","volume":"4","author":"El Aidy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref5","article-title":"Viral infections, the microbiome, and probiotics","volume":"10","author":"Harper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000750","article-title":"Current understanding of dysbiosis in disease in human and animal models","volume":"22","author":"DeGruttola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4142","article-title":"The microbiome in early life: implications for health outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Tamburini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9378","article-title":"How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system","volume":"352","author":"Gensollen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.013","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis during influenza contributes to pulmonary pneumococcal superinfection through altered short-chain fatty acid production","volume":"30","author":"Sencio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.04.011","article-title":"Commensal bacteria calibrate the activation threshold of innate antiviral immunity","volume":"37","author":"Abt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000098","article-title":"The Aedes aegypti toll pathway controls dengue virus infection","volume":"4","author":"Xi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001561","article-title":"Reciprocal tripartite interactions between the Aedes aegypti midgut microbiota, innate immune system and dengue virus influences vector competence","volume":"6","author":"Ramirez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10493","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.011188","article-title":"Oxygen battle in the gut: hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in metabolic and inflammatory responses in the intestine","volume":"295","author":"Singhal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13637","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13637","article-title":"Review on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: its outbreak and current status","volume":"74","author":"Almaghaslah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.03.001","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology, evolution and phylogeny of SARS coronavirus","volume":"71","author":"Luk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316","article-title":"Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel Coronavirus-infected pneumonia","volume":"382","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030634","article-title":"Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada","volume":"348","author":"Poutanen","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref18","first-page":"4","article-title":"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia","volume":"7","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1729071","article-title":"Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102887","article-title":"The four horsemen of a viral apocalypse: the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)","volume":"58","author":"Domingo","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.574198","article-title":"Geriatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: problems, considerations, exigencies, and beyond","volume":"8","author":"Dhama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00547-2020","article-title":"Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis","volume":"55","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111064","article-title":"Potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the gastrointestinal tract and liver","volume":"133","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12783","article-title":"Plasma levels of the proprotein convertase furin and incidence of diabetes and mortality","volume":"284","author":"Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11727","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117","article-title":"Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"117","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0643","article-title":"Exploring diseases\/traits and blood proteins causally related to expression of ACE2, the putative receptor of SARS-CoV-2: a Mendelian randomization analysis highlights tentative relevance of diabetes-related traits","volume":"43","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30116-8","article-title":"Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00089-9","article-title":"Associations between body-mass index and COVID-19 severity in 6\u00b79 million people in England: a prospective, community-based, cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.01.021","article-title":"Obesity is a major risk factor for hospitalization in community-managed COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"96","author":"Cottini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel Coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab042","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations in COVID-19","volume":"115","author":"Kariyawasam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320953","article-title":"Digestive system is a potential route of COVID-19: an analysis of single-cell coexpression pattern of key proteins in viral entry process","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref35","first-page":"142","article-title":"Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19: evolving recognition and need for increased understanding in vulnerable populations","volume":"113","author":"Garland","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1159\/000509774","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms and outcomes in hospitalized Coronavirus disease 2019 patients","volume":"38","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30126-6","article-title":"Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321013","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"69","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Jama"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.065","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus load in fecal samples from a Hong Kong cohort: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Cheung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30118-7","article-title":"Enteric involvement in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan","volume":"5","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000620","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study","volume":"115","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.001","article-title":"Diarrhea during COVID-19 infection: pathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, and management","volume":"18","author":"D'Amico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.6.861","article-title":"The neurobiology of stress and gastrointestinal disease","volume":"47","author":"Mayer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.35","article-title":"Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis","volume":"6","author":"Rhee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1382-3","article-title":"Bidirectional gut-brain-microbiota axis as a potential link between inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic stroke","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref47","first-page":"203","article-title":"The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems","volume":"28","author":"Carabotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346","article-title":"Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour","volume":"13","author":"Cryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref49","first-page":"377","article-title":"The treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"38","author":"Morgan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.005","article-title":"Gut-brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression","volume":"36","author":"Foster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201400075","article-title":"Altered brain-gut axis in autism: comorbidity or causative mechanisms?","volume":"36","author":"Mayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i1.361","article-title":"Gut microbiota in autism and mood disorders","volume":"22","author":"Mangiola","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030521","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders and the gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Fattorusso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112812","article-title":"Autism, gastrointestinal symptoms and modulation of gut microbiota by nutritional interventions","volume":"11","author":"Ristori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1528-y","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokine responses in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0683-9","article-title":"Alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolism with coronary artery disease severity","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENG.2017.01.008","article-title":"The human microbiota in health and disease","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000511","article-title":"Fecal microbiota therapy with a focus on Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"79","author":"Brandt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0269-3","article-title":"Fecal microbiota therapy with a focus on Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"5","author":"Khanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00098","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation in neurological disorders","volume":"10","author":"Vendrik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.037","article-title":"Subjective neurological symptoms frequently occur in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection","volume":"88","author":"Liguori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20112","article-title":"Expression of receptors for SARS-CoV-2 in the gut of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Monteleone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.04.027","article-title":"Specific ACE2 expression in small intestinal enterocytes may cause gastrointestinal symptoms and injury after 2019-nCoV infection","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00426","article-title":"Microbiome dependent regulation of T(regs) and Th17 cells in mucosa","volume":"10","author":"Pandiyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00417","article-title":"The microbiota and epigenetic regulation of T helper 17\/regulatory T cells: in search of a balanced immune system","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.011","article-title":"Regulatory T cells reinforce intestinal homeostasis","volume":"31","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49452-y","article-title":"Defining dysbiosis for a cluster of chronic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Wilkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6237239","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6237239","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric dysbiosis: can probiotics administration be useful to treat this condition?","volume":"2018","author":"Bruno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.12.002","article-title":"Emerging insights on intestinal dysbiosis during bacterial infections","volume":"17","author":"Pham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw258","article-title":"Gut mucosal barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and their role in HIV-1 disease progression","volume":"214","author":"Mudd","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2020.00161","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis strengthens Kupffer cell-mediated hepatitis B virus persistence through inducing endotoxemia in mice","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy205","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis associated with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"67","author":"Inoue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.048","article-title":"Alterations in gut microbiota of patients with COVID-19 during time of hospitalization","volume":"159","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.02.001","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load are associated with the upper respiratory tract microbiome","volume":"147","author":"Rosas-Salazar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa709","article-title":"Alterations of the gut microbiota in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 or H1N1 influenza","volume":"71","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00232-5","article-title":"Altered oral and gut microbiota and its association with SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325989","article-title":"Gut microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887722","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1887722","article-title":"Integrated gut virome and bacteriome dynamics in COVID-19 patients","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02212-0","article-title":"Gut microbiome alterations and gut barrier dysfunction are associated with host immune homeostasis in COVID-19 patients","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926840","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1926840","article-title":"The gut microbiome of COVID-19 recovered patients returns to uninfected status in a minority-dominated United States cohort","volume":"13","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.013","article-title":"Prolonged impairment of short-Chain fatty acid and L-isoleucine biosynthesis in gut microbiome in patients with COVID-19","volume":"162","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01796-w","article-title":"Temporal association between human upper respiratory and gut bacterial microbiomes during the course of COVID-19 in adults","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref84","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Atlas of Endoscopy Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","author":"Shen","year":"2020"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35379","article-title":"Selected loss of tolerance evidenced by Crohn\u2019s disease-associated immune responses to auto- and microbial antigens","volume":"123","author":"Landers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients","volume":"105","author":"Sokol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/4441022a","article-title":"Human gut microbes associated with obesity","volume":"444","author":"Ley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","article-title":"An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest","volume":"444","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2008.00382.x","article-title":"Liver X receptor in cooperation with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Higuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1033","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone directly stimulates thermogenesis in skeletal muscle possibly through substrate cycling between de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation","volume":"147","author":"Solinas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15718","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407076101","article-title":"The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage","volume":"101","author":"B\u00e4ckhed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504978102","article-title":"Obesity alters gut microbial ecology","volume":"102","author":"Ley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes - global burden of disease and forecasted trends","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.11.051","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology","volume":"51","author":"Gurung","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010038","article-title":"Gut microbiota and cancer: from pathogenesis to therapy","volume":"11","author":"Vivarelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2015","article-title":"A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0451-2","article-title":"Multi-cohort analysis of colorectal cancer metagenome identified altered bacteria across populations and universal bacterial markers","volume":"6","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0406-6","article-title":"Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Wirbel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2086-y","article-title":"Probiotics in respiratory virus infections","volume":"33","author":"Lehtoranta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505878","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/505878","article-title":"The role of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and other related diseases: a systematic review of randomized human clinical trials","volume":"2015","author":"Saez-Lara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831339","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1831339","article-title":"Molecular insights into probiotic mechanisms of action employed against intestinal pathogenic bacteria","volume":"12","author":"van Zyl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17127","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28473","article-title":"Importance of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer","volume":"234","author":"Eslami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref103","first-page":"Cd004827","article-title":"Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.02.005","article-title":"A recombinant probiotic for treatment and prevention of cholera","volume":"130","author":"Focareta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425920959410","article-title":"Beneficial effect of probiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected intestinal epithelial cells through inflammatory IL-8 and antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin-2 modulation","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.10.008","article-title":"Control of Klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonary infection and immunomodulation by oral treatment with the commensal probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 5(1A)","volume":"18","author":"Vieira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00273","article-title":"Probiotic lactobacilli modulate Staphylococcus aureus-induced activation of conventional and unconventional T cells and NK cells","volume":"7","author":"Johansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8063647","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8063647","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on cytokine profiles","volume":"2018","author":"Azad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03204.x","article-title":"Well-controlled proinflammatory cytokine responses of Peyer's patch cells to probiotic Lactobacillus casei","volume":"130","author":"Chiba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synbio.2018.03.001","article-title":"Prospective study of probiotic supplementation results in immune stimulation and improvement of upper respiratory infection rate","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Synth Syst Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2014.07.011","article-title":"Oral intake of Lactobacillus rhamnosus M21 enhances the survival rate of mice lethally infected with influenza virus","volume":"49","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S141518","article-title":"Yogurt supplemented with probiotics can protect the healthy elderly from respiratory infections: a randomized controlled open-label trial","volume":"12","author":"Pu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2015.117","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation: current applications, effectiveness, and future perspectives","volume":"49","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.08.006","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Colman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102291","article-title":"Impact of Fecal microbiota transplantation on obesity and metabolic syndrome\u2014a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2019.009","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation: an update on clinical practice","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31613-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota-mediated protection against influenza virus subtype H9N2 in chickens is associated with modulation of the innate responses","volume":"8","author":"Yitbarek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-020-02583-7","article-title":"Gastrointestinal disturbance and effect of fecal microbiota transplantation in discharged COVID-19 patients","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325010","article-title":"Rapid resolution of COVID-19 after faecal microbiota transplantation","volume":"71","author":"Bili\u0144ski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018899","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.2018899","article-title":"Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Castrell\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17562848211035670","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848211035670","article-title":"Probiotics use is associated with improved clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23213-3_6","article-title":"Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of influenza","volume-title":"Beneficial Microorganisms in Medical and Health Applications","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00539-17","article-title":"Anti-influenza activity of a Bacillus subtilis probiotic strain","volume":"61","author":"Starosila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1633877","article-title":"Effects of probiotic administration on immune responses of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes to a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine","volume":"16","author":"Bianchini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1804.04001","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides probiotics on human seasonal and avian influenza viruses","volume":"28","author":"Bae","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.08.069","article-title":"The influence of probiotics on vaccine responses - a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-019-2667-0","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and prophylactic effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotic strain on influenza infection in mice","volume":"35","author":"Mahooti","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx254","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of probiotics for Clostridium difficile infection in adults (PICO)","volume":"72","author":"Barker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.03.019","article-title":"A combination of the probiotic and prebiotic product can prevent the germination of Clostridium difficile spores and infection","volume":"47","author":"R\u00e4tsep","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref130","first-page":"634","article-title":"Bacteriophage transfer during faecal microbiota transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection is associated with treatment outcome","volume":"67","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-020-00339-w","article-title":"Faecal microbiota transplantation is effective for the initial treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a retrospective clinical review","volume":"9","author":"Roshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.019","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation is superior to fidaxomicin for treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"156","author":"Hvas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02871","article-title":"Consortium of probiotics attenuates colonization of Clostridioides difficile","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.08.075","article-title":"Polysaccharide from fermented Momordica charantia L. with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 ameliorates type 2 diabetes in rats","volume":"201","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68440-1","article-title":"Probiotics have beneficial metabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"10","author":"Kocsis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3213","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3213","article-title":"Probiotics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Tiderencel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02855","article-title":"Screening for potential novel probiotics with dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibiting activity for type 2 diabetes attenuation in vitro and in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3630","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00081F","article-title":"Administration of Lactobacillus paracasei ameliorates type 2 diabetes in mice","volume":"9","author":"Dang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1900457","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900457","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei NL41 on insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and beta-cell function in a type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model","volume":"63","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147960","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei exerts anti-proliferative effects accompanied by apoptotic cell death and up-regulation of TRAIL in colon carcinoma cells","volume":"11","author":"Tiptiri-Kourpeti","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01553","article-title":"Probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei BL23 prevents colitis-associated colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Jacouton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03355","article-title":"Anti-tumoral effects of recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain secreting IL-17A cytokine","volume":"9","author":"Jacouton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-1047-4","article-title":"A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of probiotics in post-surgical colorectal cancer","volume":"19","author":"Zaharuddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01044","article-title":"Exopolysaccharide, isolated from a novel strain Bifidobacterium breve lw01 possess an anticancer effect on head and neck cancer - genetic and biochemical evidences","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44753-8","article-title":"The relationship between the structural characteristics of lactobacilli-EPS and its ability to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Tukenmez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030516","article-title":"Pretreatment with a heat-killed probiotic modulates the NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuates colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice","volume":"11","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12374","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-3373","article-title":"The efficacy of probiotics in patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines8090047","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of systemic enzymes and probiotics in the resolution of post-COVID fatigue","volume":"8","author":"Rathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicines"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047069","article-title":"Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Probiotics To Eliminate COVID-19 Transmission in Exposed Household Contacts (PROTECT-EHC): a clinical trial protocol","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2021.106471","article-title":"A four-probiotic preparation for ventilator-associated pneumonia in multi-trauma patients: results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"59","author":"Tsilika","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2024072207011052600_ref151","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficacy of a probiotic consisting of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifidobacterium bifidum PDV 0903, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301 in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Ivashkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/100\/1186\/539\/58581999\/qgae030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/100\/1186\/539\/58581999\/qgae030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T07:18:17Z","timestamp":1721632697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/100\/1186\/539\/7630269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/postmj\/qgae030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]}}}