{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:31:24Z","timestamp":1788449484662,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1192","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82102171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82102171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our aim is to explore the relation between non-neoplastic bladder diseases and bladder cancer (BC) from a genetic level utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to cystitis, bladder stones, and neuropathic bladder were gathered from the IEU genome-wide association studies database. Quality control on SNPs was performed via stringent screening criteria. The relation between non-neoplastic bladder diseases and BC risk was evaluated using inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Cochran\u2019s Q test was conducted to assess the heterogeneity of SNPs; in addition, the MR-Egger intercept test was employed to examine the horizontal pleiotropy of SNPs. Exposure and outcomes were validated using a validation database. Finally, BC was used as the exposure and non-neoplastic bladder diseases as the outcome to evaluate reverse causality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The outcomes showcased that genetically predicted cystitis is significantly correlated to a raised risk of BC (inverse-variance weighted: odds ratio [95%]\u2009=\u20091.1737 [1.0317, 1.3352], P\u2009=\u2009.0149), consistent with the BC validation cohort in the MR analysis. Nevertheless, no causal relation was found between bladder stone and neuropathic bladder with BC risk (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009.05). In this study, sensitivity analysis indicated no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study presents proof of a genetic-level causal relation between cystitis and increased BC risk, while bladder stones and neuropathic bladder do not show similar associations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgae121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T21:53:23Z","timestamp":1726610003000},"page":"156-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between non-neoplastic bladder diseases and bladder cancer risk: insights from Mendelian randomization studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 Heping Road, Section 5, Linghe District, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 Renmin Street, Section 5, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121002, Liaoning,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongkang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motor Robotics Institute (MRI), South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University , No. 1 Fuxin Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motor Robotics Institute (MRI), South China Hospital, Health Science Center , Shenzhen University, No. 1 Fuxin Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangxu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 Heping Road, Section 5, Linghe District, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2021","volume":"71","author":"Siegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17598","article-title":"Bladder cancer: a review","volume":"324","author":"Lenis","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2022.10.003","article-title":"Epidemiology, screening, and prevention of bladder cancer","volume":"5","author":"Lobo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref4","volume-title":"Bladder Cancer: Current Challenges and Future Directions","author":"Dobruch","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2257-z","article-title":"Role of urinary tract infection in bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Bayne","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"420","author":"Coussens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.601","article-title":"Recurrent urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer in the Nijmegen bladder cancer study","volume":"112","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113768","article-title":"Urinary tract infection and risk of bladder cancer","volume":"119","author":"Kantor","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9028-2","article-title":"Urinary tract diseases and bladder cancer risk: a case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Jhamb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2006.10.002","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and bladder cancer","volume":"25","author":"Michaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-021-03922-z","article-title":"Bladder cancer in patients with neurogenic bladder disorder: a comparative study of different etiologies","volume":"40","author":"M\u00fchlbauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-117","article-title":"A case-control study on the association between bladder cancer and prior bladder calculus","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010098","article-title":"Mendelian randomization as an approach to assess causality using observational data","volume":"27","author":"Sekula","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2019.8.2.67","article-title":"Mendelian randomization analysis in observational epidemiology","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Lipid Atheroscler"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00931-x","article-title":"A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes","volume":"53","author":"Sakaue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00051-5","article-title":"Common genetic associations between age-related diseases","volume":"1","author":"D\u00f6nerta\u015f","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Aging"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref17","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861885","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.861885","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05886-8","article-title":"Altered blood gene expression in the obesity-related type 2 diabetes cluster may be causally involved in lipid metabolism: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"66","author":"de Klerk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354528","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1354528","article-title":"Causal relationship between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and prostate cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329847","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1329847","article-title":"Potential causal association between aspirin use and erectile dysfunction in European population: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref22","first-page":"887","article-title":"LDassoc: an online tool for interactively exploring genome-wide association study results and prioritizing variants for functional investigation","volume":"34","author":"Machiela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-0985","article-title":"LDtrait: an online tool for identifying published phenotype associations in linkage disequilibrium","volume":"80","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.03.029","article-title":"Epidemiology of bladder cancer in 2023: a systematic review of risk factors","volume":"84","author":"Jubber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref25","first-page":"1961","article-title":"Assessing the suitability of summary data for two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using MR-egger regression: the role of the I2 statistic","volume":"45","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref27","article-title":"Mutational landscape and environmental effects in bladder cancer","volume":"21","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604889","article-title":"Urinary tract infections and reduced risk of bladder cancer in Los Angeles","volume":"100","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66516-9","article-title":"Inhibition of human transitional cell carcinoma in vitro proliferation by fluoroquinolone antibiotics","volume":"155","author":"Seay","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.10.038","article-title":"Antitumor activity of common antibiotics against superficial bladder cancer","volume":"63","author":"Kamat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp127","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: links to genetic instability","volume":"30","author":"Colotta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref32","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and NRF2 signaling, friends or foes in cancer?","volume":"13","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2206-x","article-title":"Chronic urinary tract infection and bladder carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies","volume":"36","author":"Akhtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e050728","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050728","article-title":"Association between chronic bladder catheterisation and bladder cancer incidence and mortality: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada","volume":"11","author":"Hird","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.19.1453","article-title":"Risk of urinary tract cancers following kidney or ureter stones","volume":"89","author":"Chow","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2025061406165747000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2015.05.006","article-title":"Urinary tract infection and neurogenic bladder","volume":"42","author":"McKibben","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/101\/1192\/156\/59151967\/qgae121.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/101\/1192\/156\/59151967\/qgae121.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T10:17:09Z","timestamp":1749896229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/101\/1192\/156\/7759266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1192","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/postmj\/qgae121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]}}}