{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:36:37Z","timestamp":1770896197759,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1192","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trauma remains a leading cause of death, both for individuals under 40 in North America, and globally, where it contributes to ~10% of deaths annually. Thoughtful, timely, balanced resuscitation, especially in the peri-operative period for unstable injured surgical patients, is vital for optimizing outcomes. The advanced trauma life support protocol plays a pivotal role in early evaluation and management, emphasizing hemorrhage control and resuscitation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This narrative review provides a structured, evidence-based framework aimed at enhancing the educational experience of surgical trainees. It outlines key principles in peri-operative trauma resuscitation, emphasizing timely intervention, goal-directed fluid therapy, and damage control surgery (DCS) to improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A comprehensive Scale for Quality Assessment of Narrative Review Articles -guideline compliant literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar for English-language articles published between January 2000 and February 2024. The search included relevant medical subject headings terms. Additional studies were identified from reference lists. Extracted data were reviewed and organized using thematic analysis, focusing on historical perspectives, evidence-based practices, and the concept of DCS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Key findings from the 55 relevant studies selected underscore the importance of balanced fluid and blood product administration, the use of permissive hypotension in hemorrhagic shock, and the application of DCS principles. This review highlights educational strategies that foster a deeper understanding of trauma resuscitation practices, offering practical insights through case studies and technological innovations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review serves as an educational resource for surgical trainees, equipping them with a robust understanding of evidence-based trauma resuscitation. By integrating historical context, modern practices, and emerging technologies, the review aims to enhance both the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for managing unstable trauma patients. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary teamwork, continuous education, and personalized resuscitation strategies to improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgae141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T14:43:48Z","timestamp":1728917028000},"page":"93-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Peri-operative strategy in resuscitation of unstable injured surgical patients: a primer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Shahad","family":"Abdulkhaleq Mamalchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain , Adliya ,","place":["Bahrain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery Trauma Services, Ottawa Hospital , 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1918-9443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary Alan","family":"Bass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Traumatology , Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Medical Office Building Suite 120 (Trauma), Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, 54 N 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.08.043","article-title":"The golden hour in trauma: Dogma or medical folklore?","volume":"46","author":"Rogers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Table 13-10-0394-01 Leading causes of death, total population, by age group","author":"Statistics Canada","DOI":"10.25318\/1310039401-eng"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E208","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200209","article-title":"Injury-related deaths in the Ontario provincial trauma system: A retrospective population-based cohort analysis","volume":"9","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cmaj Open"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref4","first-page":"431","article-title":"Trauma abdominal penetrante [penetrating abdominal trauma]","volume":"74","author":"Pinedo-Onofre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cir Cir"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00043860-200604000-00003","article-title":"The birth of advanced trauma life support","volume":"13","author":"Styner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma Nurs"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.02.034","article-title":"CAB versus ABC approach for resuscitation of patients following traumatic injury: Toward improving patient safety and survival","volume":"68","author":"Breeding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijso.2021.100413","article-title":"Outcomes and associated factors among patients undergone emergency laparotomy: A retrospective study","volume":"36","author":"Oumer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg Open"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14514","article-title":"Pre-optimisation of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: A review of best practice","volume":"74","author":"Poulton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2017.06.001","article-title":"Assessment and resuscitation in trauma management","volume":"97","author":"Gondek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.08.003","article-title":"Have we killed the golden hour of trauma?","volume":"57","author":"Fleet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00008-7","article-title":"Beyond the golden hour: Avoiding the pitfalls from resuscitation to critical care","volume":"82","author":"Schinco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.161664","article-title":"Fluid management in patients with trauma: Restrictive versus liberal approach","volume":"31","author":"Chatrath","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8","article-title":"SANRA\u2014A scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles","volume":"4","author":"Baethge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Integr Peer Rev"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-19-18","article-title":"Evaluation of a university hospital trauma team activation protocol","volume":"19","author":"Dehli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2022.393","article-title":"Reduction of surgical site infection after trauma laparotomy through use of a specific protocol for antibiotic prophylaxis","volume":"24","author":"Mazuski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2021.06.008","article-title":"Controversies in surgery: Trauma","volume":"101","author":"Bonne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S411","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181ec5bdf","article-title":"Changing paradigms in surgical resuscitation","volume":"38","author":"Fouche","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does goal-directed haemodynamic and fluid therapy improve peri-operative outcomes?","volume":"1","author":"Chong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001140","article-title":"What\u2019s new in whole blood resuscitation? In the trauma bay and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Coulthard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_26_18","article-title":"Goal-directed fluid therapy in the perioperative setting","volume":"35","author":"Kendrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-00679-3","article-title":"Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: Executive summary of the international fluid academy (IFA)","volume":"10","author":"Malbrain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190019853979","article-title":"Fluid stewardship during critical illness: A call to action","volume":"33","author":"Hawkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref23","article-title":"Choosing the best method for hemodynamic monitoring","volume":"2","author":"Fralinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref24","first-page":"72","article-title":"Bedside ultrasound in the resuscitation of the trauma patient: A clinical perspective","volume":"14","author":"Kirton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma Nurs"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref25","first-page":"238146831985630","article-title":"Simulation analysis and comparison of point of care testing and central laboratory testing","volume":"4","author":"Harder","year":"2019","journal-title":"MDM Policy Pract"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4236\/ojem.2019.74006","article-title":"Point-of-care testing vs. laboratory testing during high patient volume situations","volume":"7","author":"McCoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-021-01816-8","article-title":"Association between the time to definitive care and trauma patient outcomes: Every minute in the golden hour matters","volume":"48","author":"Hsieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-016-1446-5","article-title":"Emergency laparotomies at a tertiary care center\u2014A hospital-based cross-sectional study","volume":"79","author":"Gejoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.01.008","article-title":"The influence of prehospital time on trauma patient outcome: A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Harmsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2021-000698","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy after trauma: A prospective, randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Purushothaman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-017-3474-2","article-title":"Adapted ERAS pathway vs. standard care in patients with perforated duodenal ulcer\u2014A randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Mohsina","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13465","article-title":"Effects of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme on emergency surgical patients","volume":"86","author":"Wisely","year":"2016","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0257-y","article-title":"Outcome of trauma-related emergency laparotomies, in an era of far-reaching specialization","volume":"14","author":"Hietbrink","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15114","article-title":"Emergency laparotomy success \u2013 Optimization or triage?","volume":"75","author":"Foss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.79285","article-title":"Damage control in the injured patient","volume":"1","author":"Hsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481708301119","article-title":"Abdominal trauma revisited","volume":"83","author":"Feliciano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref37","first-page":"133","article-title":"Blunt vs. penetrating chest trauma in terms of the outcome in Menoufia university hospital","volume":"31","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menoufia Med J"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref38","article-title":"Influence of trauma origin site on admission rates of patients submitted to emergency laparotomy","volume":"45","author":"Brunello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Col Bras Cir"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2009.07.024","article-title":"Emergency medical services intervals and survival in trauma: Assessment of the \u201cgolden hour\u201d in a north American prospective cohort","volume":"55","author":"Newgard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-016-1459-0","article-title":"Penetrating injuries to the abdomen: A single institutional experience with review of literature","volume":"79","author":"Siddharth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref41","first-page":"349","article-title":"Emergency laparotomy in high-risk general surgical patients: A review of perioperative care","volume":"22","author":"Rymaruk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Perioper Pract"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref42","volume-title":"Handbook for All Acute Care Health Professionals","author":"Brindley","year":"2017","edition":"1st"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s43678-022-00295-z","article-title":"Closed loop communication in the trauma bay: Identifying opportunities for team performance improvement through a video review analysis","volume":"24","author":"Bhangu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identifying and addressing mentorship gaps in European trauma and emergency surgical training. Results from the young European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (yESTES) mentorship survey","volume":"1","author":"Cioffi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02441-3","article-title":"European society for trauma and emergency surgery member-identified research priorities in emergency surgery: A roadmap for future clinical research opportunities","volume":"50","author":"Bass","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2025061406165780100_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006611","article-title":"Teaching airway management using virtual reality: A scoping review","volume":"138","author":"Duffy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/101\/1192\/93\/59747709\/qgae141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/101\/1192\/93\/59747709\/qgae141.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T10:17:13Z","timestamp":1749896233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/101\/1192\/93\/7821157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1192","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/postmj\/qgae141","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]}}}