{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:02:54Z","timestamp":1784736174205,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1196","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects both the mother and fetus during and after pregnancy. Multiple studies have shown the prognostic impact of DM on maternal and fetal outcomes, but studies at the national level are limited. Therefore, we aimed to conduct this nationwide study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective study used a Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2020 (NIS) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes for adult pregnant patients. STATA version MP14.2 was used mainly for analysis. We used Fischer's exact test to compare proportions, the student's t-test to compare continuous variables, and multivariate regression analysis to calculate the adjusted odds ratio.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The total number of pregnant patients included in the study was 3\u2009436\u2009671; 36\u2009350 (1.05%) had DM. Patients with DM had longer hospital lengths of stay than non-diabetic patients (3.93\u00a0days vs. 2.5\u00a0days, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01). Other significant outcomes were higher cost of hospital stay ($37\u2009079 vs. $23\u2009371, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), preeclampsia (7.17% vs. 2.02%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), intrauterine fetal death (0.63% vs. 0.13%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), stillbirth (2.89% vs. 0.75%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), gestational hypertension (7.07% vs. 3.07%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01) and preterm labor (5.8% vs. 1.94%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01). There were no differences in the two groups regarding pre-existing hypertension, abortion, large for gestational age, eclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, postpartum anemia, prolonged labor, intrapartum, and postpartum hemorrhage. We conducted a trend analysis from 2016 to 2020 for mortality, length of stay, total charges, and significant maternal and fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>DM is associated with greater maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, resource utilization, and length of stay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/postmj\/qgae191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T11:57:22Z","timestamp":1736251042000},"page":"563-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between diabetes mellitus and fetal and maternal outcomes during and after pregnancy\u2014a nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7545-3229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binita","family":"Neupane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester General Hospital , Department of Internal Medicine, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, 14621 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester General Hospital , Department of Internal Medicine, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, 14621 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester General Hospital , Department of Internal Medicine, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, 14621 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umer","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University , Department of Gastroenterology, 1 N Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63103 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052713441842100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2007.03.002","article-title":"The increasing prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Hunt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am"},{"key":"2025052713441842100_ref2"},{"key":"2025052713441842100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2717","volume-title":"Trends in Incidence of Diabetes in Pregnancy and Serious Perinatal Outcomes: A Large, Population-Based Study in Ontario, Canada, 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